Table 6.

Results for energy intakes

Reference	Age, years	Group	Lowest consumers (n)	Mean energy intake in lowest group	Highest consumers (n)	Mean energy intake in highest group	Difference (kcal)	Significance, p value
Gibson [16]	10–15	boys 10–11 years	100	1,960 kcal	272	2,152 kcal	+192	<0.05
		boys 14–15 years	93	2,307 kcal	191	2,654 kcal	+347	<0.05
		girls 10–11 years	166	1,765 kcal	120	1,996 kcal	+231	<0.05
		girls 14–15 years	144	1,760 kcal	66	2,048 kcal	+288	<0.05
McNulty [19]	12–15	boys 12 years	11	10.2 (8.9–11.6) MJ	89	12.6 (11.9–13.3) MJ	+576	<0.05
		boys 15 years	20	13.6 (11.8–15.5) MJ	94	14.3 (13.5–15.0) MJ	+168	ns
		girls 12 years	31	9.2 (8.3–10.0) MJ	34	11.4 (10.2–12.6) MJ	+528	<0.05
		girls 15 years	49	9.8 (9.2–10.4) MJ	27	11.1 (10.1–12.1) MJ	+312	ns
Albertson [13]	4–12	4–12 years	173	1,726 ± 454 kcal	239	1,681 ± 414 kcal	−45	ns
Gibson [5]	4–18	4–6 years	8	1,529 kcal	71	1,578 kcal	+49	ns
		7–10 years	40	1,728 kcal	144	1,811 kcal	+83	ns
		11–14 years	73	1,818 kcal	152	1,989 kca	+171	<0.01
		15–18 years	117	1,737 kcal	98	2,275 kcal	+538	<0.001
Kafatos [17]	14–16	All	219	9.269 ± 0.226 MJ	52	8.829 ± 0.465 MJ	−106	ns
Williams [22]	2–12	2–12 years	180	1,662 ± 74 kcal	482	1,919 ± 27 kcal	+257	<0.05
Albertson [23]	8–10 at baseline with	boys	ng	1,974 ± 32 kcal	ng	1,975 ± 32 kcal	+1	ns
	follow-up for 7.5 years	girls	ng	1,587 ± 25 kcal	ng	1,594 ± 25 kcal	+7	ns
Deshmukh-Taskar [15]	9–18	9–13 years	930	2,033 ± 54.2 kcal	1,536	2,266 ± 37.5 kcal	+233	<0.02
		14–18 years	1,805	2,032 ± 43.8 kcal	1,233	2462 ± 47.5 kcal	+430	<0.02
Albertson [14]	6–18	HSC group	5,901	8.958 (8.778–9.142)	2,947	9.284 (9.113–9.657)	+78	<0.0003
				MJ		MJ

ns = Non-significant; ng = not given; HSC = high-sugar cereal.