Table 4.
Overall annual direct and indirect costs a
| Weight status | Direct medical costs N = 9,043 (95% CI) | Indirect costs b N = 5,250 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Normal weight (reference) | ||
| Adjusted mean, EUR | 1,785 (1,581–2,014) | 1,535 (1,292–1,825) |
| Factor | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||
| Pre-obese | ||
| Factor | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 1.38** (1.11–1.71) |
|
| ||
| Obese level I | ||
| Factor | 1.18* (1.00–1.39) | 1.33* (1.02–1.73) |
|
| ||
| Obese level II | ||
| Factor | 1.46** (1.14–1.87) | 1.77** (1.18–2.65) |
|
| ||
| Obese level III | ||
| Factor | 2.04*** (1.40–2.97) | 1.99** (1.20–3.30) |
a
GEE gamma regression model with log link; all results adjusted for gender, age, age2, education and income. Normal weight: 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2, pre-obese 25 kg/m2 ≤BMI < 30 kg/m2, obese level I 30 kg/m2≤ BMI < 35 kg/m2, obesity level II 35 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 40 kg/m2, obese level III BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2.
b
For those aged <65 years
*
Significant at the 5% level.
**
Significant at the 1% level.
***
Significant at the 0.1% level.