Table 1.
Subjects’ characteristics a
| Total | Men | Women | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 2172 | 731 | 1441 | – |
| Age, years* | 60.9 ± 12.7 | 61.5 ± 13.7 | 60.6 ± 12.2 | 0.152 |
| Sleep duration, h* | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 * | 22.8 ± 3.3 | 23.5 ± 3.2 | 22.5 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
| BMI ≤25 to <30 kg/m2, % | 19.8 | 24.9 | 17.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2, % | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 0.162 |
| Current smoker, % | 10.9 | 21.2 | 5.6 | <0.001 |
| Regular exercise, % | 50.3 | 54.4 | 48.2 | 0.006 |
| Sleep apnea, % | 8.8 | 19.2 | 3.7 | <0.001 |
| Poor sleep, % | 34.6 | 30.8 | 36.6 | 0.007 |
| Diabetes, % | 6.5 | 10.1 | 4.6 | <0.001 |
| Fatty liver, % | 29.6 | 38.0 | 25.3 | <0.001 |
| AST, U/l** | 22 (9–168) | 21 (10–93) | 20 (9–168) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/l** | 17 (4–202) | 20 (6–127) | 16 (4–202) | <0.001 |
| γ-GTP, U/l** | 21 (7–380) | 27 (7–380) | 17 (7–180) | <0.001 |
| ALP, U/l** | 204 (74–760) | 205 (74–760) | 206 (79–722) | 0.245 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl** | 87 (20–567) | 93 (31–567) | 81 (20–380) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl** | 120 (37–248) | 118 (48–232) | 125 (37–248) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl** | 57 (28–123) | 51 (28–104) | 61 (28–123) | <0.001 |
AST = Asparate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP = gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP = alkaline phosphatase; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a
Data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests.
*
Means (± standard deviation).
**
Medians (range).