Table 2.
Characteristics of men and women according to sleep duration a
| total | Sleep duration, h |
p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >8 | 7 to ≤8 | 6 to ≤7 | ≤6 | |||
| Men | ||||||
| Number | 731 | 124 | 229 | 259 | 119 | – |
| Age, years* | 61.5 ± 13.7 | 71.5 ± 10.5 | 64.1 ± 12.1 | 58.6 ± 12.8 | 52.1 ± 13.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 * | 23.5 ± 3.2 | 22.9 ± 3.2 | 23.3 ± 3.2 | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 23.7 ± 3.7 | 0.043 |
| BMI ≤25 to <30 kg/m2, % | 24.9 | 21.8 | 21.8 | 28.2 | 26.9 | 0.315 |
| BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2, % | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 5.9 | 0.474 |
| Current smoker, % | 21.2 | 14.5 | 17.5 | 22.8 | 31.9 | 0.003 |
| Regular exercise, % | 54.4 | 55.6 | 59.0 | 54.1 | 45.4 | 0.116 |
| Sleep apnea, % | 19.2 | 18.5 | 18.3 | 21.2 | 16.8 | 0.670 |
| Poor sleep, % | 30.8 | 22.6 | 25.8 | 32.4 | 45.4 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 10.1 | 19.4 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 4.2 | <0.001 |
| Fatty liver, % | 38.0 | 33.1 | 36.2 | 40.2 | 42.0 | 0.406 |
| AST, U/l** | 21 (10–93) | 23 (10–89) | 22 (10–65) | 21 (12–93) | 20 (11–75) | 0.068 |
| ALT, U/l** | 20 (6–127) | 19 (9–123) | 20 (6–114) | 21 (9–123) | 21 (8–127) | 0.028 |
| γ-GTP, U/l** | 27 (7–380) | 27 (9–183) | 27 (7–444) | 27 (8–380) | 27 (11–252) | 0.331 |
| ALP, U/l** | 205 (74–760) | 216 (94–557) | 206 (74–474) | 203 (74–440) | 199 (116–760) | 0.524 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl** | 93 (31–567) | 90 (31–345) | 94 (31–491) | 95 (33–546) | 91 (32–567) | 0.679 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl** | 118 (48–232) | 114 (58–214) | 115 (56–223) | 121 (48–232) | 118 (60–194) | 0.012 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl** | 51 (28–104) | 49 (28–92) | 52 (30–88) | 51 (29–103) | 50 (32–104) | 0.009 |
|
| ||||||
| Women | ||||||
| Number | 1,441 | 127 | 376 | 587 | 351 | |
| Age, years* | 60.6 ± 12.2 | 69.7 ± 10.4 | 64.1 ± 11.5 | 59.7 ± 11.8 | 55.3 ± 11.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 * | 22.5 ± 3.3 | 22.5 ± 2.8 | 22.4 ± 3.1 | 22.4 ± 3.4 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 0.448 |
| BMI ≤25 to <30 kg/m2, % | 17.2 | 17.3 | 16.5 | 15.0 | 21.7 | 0.079 |
| BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2, % | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.605 |
| Current smoker, % | 5.6 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 0.064 |
| Regular exercise, % | 48.2 | 49.6 | 52.9 | 47.0 | 44.4 | 0.131 |
| Sleep apnea, % | 3.7 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 0.330 |
| Poor sleep, % | 36.6 | 26.0 | 28.2 | 35.3 | 51.6 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 4.6 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 0.149 |
| Fatty liver, % | 25.3 | 29.1 | 26.7 | 22.1 | 27.6 | 0.062 |
| AST, U/l** | 20 (9–168) | 20 (8–48) | 20 (8–58) | 19 (8–73) | 19 (9–168) | 0.014 |
| ALT, U/l** | 16 (4–202) | 15 (7–71) | 16 (6–83) | 16 (4–122) | 16 (6–202) | 0.577 |
| γ-GTP, U/l** | 17 (7–180) | 18 (9–73) | 18 (7–148) | 16 (8–180) | 17 (7–137) | 0.080 |
| ALP, U/l** | 206 (79–722) | 215 (105–368) | 215 (82–468) | 205 (79–655) | 195 (85–722) | 0.002 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl** | 81 (20–380) | 102 (30–240) | 84 (26–314) | 77 (20–380) | 76 (22–328) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl** | 125 (37–248) | 130 (62–211) | 127 (44–228) | 123 (61–226) | 122 (37–248) | 0.117 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl** | 61 (28–123) | 57 (30–104) | 60 (32–114) | 62 (28–123) | 63 (28–115) | <0.001 |
AST = Asparate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP = gamma-glutamyl transpeptidaseM; ALP = alkaline phosphatase; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a
The four sleep duration groups were compared using the χ2 test and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
*
Data means (± standard deviation).
**
Medians (range).