Table 3.
Absolute and relative changes in biochemical indicators in the completers of both groups from baseline
| Baseline | 6 months | Absolute change |
Value between groups |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean ± SD | p value | mean ± SD | p value | |||
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | ||||||
| HPD | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | –0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.852 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.345 |
| SPD | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | –0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.125 | ||
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 82.1 ± 2.7 | 69.1 ± 2.7 | –13.0 ± 3.8 | 0.001 | 6.7 ± 5.2 | 0.205 |
| SPD | 86 ± 2.6 | 66.4 ± 2.6 | –19.6 ± 3.6 | 0.001 | ||
| Insulin, μU/ml* | ||||||
| HPD | 13.6 ± 0.8 | 9.4 ± 0.8 | –4.3 ± 1.2 | 0.001 | 0.5 ± 1.6 | 0.753 |
| SPD | 14.6 ± 0.8 | 9.8 ± 0.8 | –4.8 ± 1.1 | 0.001 | ||
| HOMA Index | ||||||
| HPD | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | –1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.001 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.189 |
| SPD | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | –1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.001 | ||
| HbA1c, % | ||||||
| HPD | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.949 | –0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.472 |
| SPD | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.339 | ||
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 182.5 ± 12.5 | 119.0 ± 12.9 | –63.5 ± 17.6 | 0.001 | 5.3 ± 24.5 | 0.220 |
| SPD | 204.7 ± 11.9 | 135.8 ± 12.4 | –68.8 ± 17.0 | 0.001 | ||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 173.4 ± 6.3 | 148.3 ± 6.5 | –25.1 ± 8.9 | 0.005 | 11.9 ± 12.6 | 0.950 |
| SPD | 176.6 ± 6.2 | 139.6 ± 6.5 | –37.0 ± 8.9 | 0.001 | ||
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 36.0 ± 1.5 | 34.6 ± 1.5 | –1.4 ± 2.1 | 0.517 | 5.7 ± 3.0 | 0.057 |
| SPD | 36.3 ± 1.5 | 29.2 ± 1.5 | –7.1 ± 2.1 | 0.001 | ||
| VLDL cholesterol, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 44.6 ± 4.1 | 28.6 ± 4.1 | –16.0 ± 5.7 | 0.006 | 3.4 ± 8.0 | 0.666 |
| SPD | 42.8 ± 3.9 | 23.3 ± 4.0 | –19.5 ± 5.5 | 0.001 | ||
| Direct bilirubin, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0.857 | 0.048 ± 0.03 | 0.088 |
| SPD | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0.025 | ||
| Indirect bilirubin, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.088 | 0.14 ± 0.1 | 0.073 |
| SPD | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.410 | ||
| AST, UI/l | ||||||
| HPD | 27.5 ± 1.5 | 23.6 ± 1.6 | –3.9 ± 2.2 | 0.080 | –1.05 ± 3.0 | 0.729 |
| SPD | 23.4 ± 1.5 | 20.6 ± 1.6 | –2.8 ± 2.1 | 0.185 | ||
| ALT, UI/l | ||||||
| HPD | 21.1 ± 1.2 | 17.3 ± 1.3 | –3.8 ± 1.8 | 0.032 | –1.9 ± 2.4 | 0.433 |
| SPD | 19.5 1.2 | 17.6 ± 1.2 | –1.9 ± 1.7 | 0.267 | ||
| GGT, Ul/l | ||||||
| HPD | 38.6 ± 3.1 | 30.9 ± 3.3 | –7.7 ± 4.5 | 0.087 | –3.4 ± 6.24 | 0.583 |
| SPD | 28.0 ± 3.0 | 23.7 ± 3.2 | –4.3 ± 4.3 | 0.321 | ||
| BUN, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 14.6 ± 0.5 | 15.6 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.212 | 0.83 ± 1.04 | 0.422 |
| SPD | 14.1 ± 0.5 | 14.2 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.887 | ||
| Creatinine, mg/dl | ||||||
| HPD | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0.601 | 0.03 ± 0.038 | 0.433 |
| SPD | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0.557 | ||
HbA1c = Glycated hemoglobin;; cALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase; BUN = blood urea nitrogen.
All results were adjusted for age and sex.
*
Statistically significant from baseline (p<0.05).
**Statistically significant between groups (p<0.05).
Standard-protein diet (n = 51) and high-protein diet (n = 54).