Table 1.

Brief summary of several epigenetic modifications regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway

Target	Modification type	Species	Tissue/cell lines	Effect on target	Effect
Nrf2	DNA methylation	Mouse & Human	Prostate, TRAMP-C1 cells	↓	Tumor progression[7, 8]
Nrf2	DNA demethylation	Human	Colorectal cancer cells	↑	Drug resistance[10]
Nrf2	H3K27me3 demethylation	Human	Lung cancer cells	↑	Pool survival outcome[11]
Nrf2	H4 deacetylation	Human	Spermatozoa	↓	Asthenozoospermia[14]
Nrf2	miRNA27a, 153, 142-5p, 144	human	Neuronal	↓	Alteration of Nrf2 dependent redox homeostasis[17]
Nrf2	miR-28, miRNA93	Human	Breast cancer cells	↓	Keap1-independent regulation[18, 19]
Nrf2	Lysine methylation by SetD7	Human	Bronchial epithelial cell	↓	Regulation on proinflammatory responses, mitochondrial function[23]
Keap1	DNA methylation	Human	Breast, colon, lung cancer	↑	Decrease Keap1 expression and increased tumor progression[24, 25, 28]
Keap1	DNA methylation	Human	Skin keratinocytes	↓	Skin cell transformation by arsenic[29]
Keap1	DNA demethylation	Human	Lung cancer	↑	Sensitize cells to radiation and apoptosis[30]
Keap1	DNA demethylation	Human	Diabetic cataractous lenses	↑	Reduced Nrf2 activity, oxidation[31]
Keap1	DNA demethylation	Human	Age-related cataracts	↓	Reduced Nrf2 expression, oxidation[32]
Keap1	H3K4me methylation	Human	Diabetic retinopathy	↑	Reduced Nrf2 activity, oxidation[34]
Keap1	miR-200a	Human	Breast cancer cells	↓	Activation of Nrf2 and NQO1[35]