Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study cohort.
| Characteristic | Total | Group I (normal) | Group II (no DR) |
Group III (NPDR) |
Group IV (PRP) |
Group V (NTG) |
p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of eyes | 206 | 33 | 30 | 66 | 45 | 32 | |
| Age (years) | 55.4 ± 10.8 | 53.5 ± 8.8 | 55.7 ± 12.3 | 56.6 ± 10.4 | 56.2 ± 9.9 | 53.8 ± 13.0 | 0.595a |
| Sex (male/female) | 112/94 | 16/17 | 18/12 | 37/29 | 27/18 | 14/18 | 0.566b |
| Refractive error (D) | -1.13 ± 2.11 | -0.71 ± 1.82 | -0.65 ± 1.94 | -1.23 ± 2.34 | -1.24 ± 1.71 | -1.68 ± 2.48 | 0.263 a |
| Intraocular pressure (mmHg) | 15.7 ± 2.4 | 15.6 ± 2.5 | 16.2 ± 2.5 | 15.1 ± 2.2 | 16.0 ± 2.7 | 16.2 ± 1.9 | 0.105a |
| DM duration (year) | - | - | 6.4 ± 3.6 | 13.0 ± 7.9 | 15.0 ± 7.4 | - | <0.001a |
| Visual field mean deviation (dB) |
-1.4 ± 2.0 (n = 129) | -0.06 ± 1.25 (n = 21) | -0.38 ± 1.20 (n = 10) | -0.56 ± 1.37* (n = 37) | -1.12 ± 1.53* (n = 29) | -3.74 ± 1.45**,*** (n = 32) | <0.001a |
| Average disc diameter (μm) | 1511.1 ± 98.9 | 1493.0 ± 103.1 | 1520.0 ± 98.2 | 1515.3 ± 97.6 | 1516.7 ± 103.0 | 1504.8 ± 95.4 | 0.787 a |
| Average peripapillary RNFL thickness (μm) | 96.7 ± 9.5 | 101.3 ± 6.4 | 101.3 ± 5.9 | 99.4 ± 8.6 *,*** | 95.2 ± 8.0 *,** | 84.0 ± 7.2 **,*** | <0.001a |
| Average neuro-retinal rim thickness (μm) | 215.1 ± 49.7 | 233.5 ± 42.9 | 231.5 ± 34.4 | 224.3 ± 41.6 * | 210.7 ± 53.5 * | 168.3 ± 50.54**,*** | <0.001a |
| Average lamina cribrosa depth (μm) | 465.9 ± 94.0 | 440.9 ± 61.3 | 451.7 ± 74.6 | 455.2 ± 91.7 * | 464.6 ± 106.8 * | 528.8 ± 101.8 **,*** | 0.001a |
| Average prelaminar thickness (μm) | 176.0 ± 29.0 | 177.5 ± 29.3 | 176.4 ± 24.4 | 183.2 ± 21.4 * | 190.5 ± 23.2 * | 139.0 ± 24.0 **,*** | <0.001a |
| Average LC thickness (μm) | 198.8 ± 41.6 | 212.7 ± 37.4 | 218.4 ± 44.0 | 215.0 ± 40.5 *,*** | 179.2 ± 25.5 *,** | 159.0 ± 14.5 **,*** | <0.001a` |
DM, diabetes mellitus; DR, diabetic retinopathy; LC, lamina cribrosa; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NTG, normal tension glaucoma; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation.
aOne-way ANOVA.
bChi-squared test.
*p-value < 0.05 compared with NTG group by post-hoc analysis using Tukey’s method.
**p-value < 0.05 compared with NPDR group by post-hoc analysis using Tukey’s method.
***p-value < 0.05 compared with PRP group by post-hoc analysis using Tukey’s method.