Table 1. Participants’ descriptive characteristics and outcome measures.
| OA group | Control group | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73.3 (7.4)* | 71.0 (6.7) |
| Height, cm | 150.7 (5.5) | 151.7 (5.2) |
| Weight, kg | 57.7 (9.9)** | 50.8 (7.3) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.3 (3.8)** | 22.1 (2.8) |
| TGS, kg | 6.7 (3.3)** | 11.1 (4.8) |
| KL2 | 7.4 (3.9)## | |
| KL3 | 6.5 (3.1)## | |
| KL4 | 6.6 (3.3)## | |
| IKES, kg | 13.4 (5.1)** | 23.2 (5.9) |
| TUG, seconds | 12.4 (4.7)** | 5.9 (1.0) |
| WOMAC$, points | ||
| Pain | 7.8 (3.9) | |
| Stiffness | 3.0 (2.1) | |
| Physical function | 25.9 (13.6) |
OA; osteoarthritis, BMI; Body mass index, TGS; Toe grip strength, IKES; Isometric knee extension strength, TUG; Timed Up and Go, KL; Kellgren-Lawrence grade, WOMAC; The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
$Scores of WOMAC subscale range from 0 to 20 in pain, from 0 to 8 in stiffness, and 0 to 68 in physical function, with a higher score indicating more severe disease.
Data were expressed as mean (standard deviation).
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
##p<0.01 vs mean value of TGS of the control group based on one-way analysis of variance.