Table 1.

Number of allele frequency shifts identified in each experiment. In the first experiment, we maintained the drug resistant field isolate TRT15 for 5 and 10 passages in mice either with 1 mg/kg ISM (i.e. TRT15p5-ISM and TRT15p10-ISM, respectively) or without the drug pressure (i.e. TRT15p5 and TRT15p10, respectively). In the second experiment, three independent ISM resistant lines were generated starting from the same initial MSOROM7 clone, namely: MSOROM7-G, MSOROM7-H and MSOROM7-I. In the last experiment, we compared the resistant and sensitive field isolates of each natural populations identified in (Tihon et al., 2017).

TRT15 compared to	Number of shifts
	TRT15p5	TRT15p10	TRT15p5-ISM	TRT15p10-ISM
Shift ≥0.50	0	0	11	62
Shift ≥0.333	2	2	93	499
Shift ≥0.25	25	27	248	941
MSOROM7 compared to	MSOROM7-G	MSOROM7-H	MSOROM7-I
Shift ≥0.50	163	4	26
Shift ≥0.333	1496	190	627
Shift ≥0.25	1784	972	1955
Resistant compared to Sensitive	TC1	TC2	Zambia
Shift ≥0.50	2	12	3
Shift ≥0.333	10	32	42
Shift ≥0.25	30	70	132