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. 2017 Oct 17;7:13377. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13828-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Overview of geographic network models for (a) Burundi, (b) Central African Republic and (c) Mali. Models contain conflict zones (red circles), refugee camps (dark green circles), forwarding hubs (light green circles) and other major settlements (yellow circles). Interconnecting roads are given in a simplified straight-line representation, with adjacent blue numbers used to indicate their length in kilometres. Background maps are courtesy of https://carto.comcarto.com created using OpenStreetMap data that is further modified with the use of https://inkscape.org/en/release/0.91Inkscape0.91.