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. 2017 Oct 17;7:13351. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13867-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The Catsper1 promoter has bidirectional transcriptional activity in GC-1 spg spermatogonia cells. (a) Structure of the Catsper1 promoter constructs. Each construct was named according to the length of the promoter region inserted in either direction upstream of the Photinus luciferase gene (Luc). (b) Transcriptional activity in GC-1 spg spermatogonia cells. Transcriptional activity is expressed as a fold-increase of luciferase activity over the pGL3-Basic (empty vector), to which a value of 1 was assigned. The results represent the average activity of Photinus firefly luciferase normalized to the activity of Renilla reniformis luciferase as an internal transfection control. Bar graphs represent the means ± SD, n = 3. Statistical significance was evaluated with one-way ANOVA: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001.