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. 2017 Oct 17;7:13367. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13570-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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An efficient humoral immune response can be triggered by clay nanoparticle adjuvants. Levels of anti-IB IgG in sera collected from female C57BL/6 J mice (n = 5) 35 days after IB immunisation with (a) hectorites LRD, HEC and LFN) or (b) best clay nanoparticle-HEC, commercial adjuvants Alum and QuilA, or PBS (negative control) were analysed at serial dilutions from 1:6400 to 1:51200. Specific anti-IB SIgA in faeces at day 49 after IB immunisation (n = 5) with (c) three hectorites and (d) the most efficient nanoparticle, HEC and commercial adjuvants. Symbols (*/♦/#) in (a) and (c) represent differences between adjacent two groups, while symbols (_*/#) in (b) indicate differences between test nanoparticle and commercial adjuvants (*Alum ^#QuilA). The cut off was calculated by the formula: Cut-off = mean + 10*SD. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 5). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; and ****P < 0.0001.