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. 2017 Oct 17;7:13343. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13574-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of thylakoid membranes of vascular plants – showing the tentative assignments of the lipid phases detected by ³¹P-NMR. Lipid phases: the basic bilayer (bl) structure, the non-bilayer, isotropic phases (iso) associated with the fusion of granum and stroma thylakoid membranes and with the lumenal lipocalin proteins,VDE and CHL, as well as the H_II phase in the stroma – possibly also associated with membrane-associated proteins and loosely attached to the membrane. The figure is not to scale; for simplicity, CURT1 proteins, which are enriched in the end-membranes of thylakoids and maintain the extreme curvature of membranes at the margins⁷⁵, are omitted. Membrane-intrinsic proteins are symbolized by trimeric LHCIIs (green bars).