Table 3.

Summary of findings on candidate gene studies in swine melanoma models.

Candidate gene	Model and approach	Results	Reference
Cell cycle
CDKN2A	MeLiM; linkage, association and haplotype analysis	No linkage/association of the genes with melanoma occurrence	Le Chalony et al., 2003
CDK4	MeLiM, linkage analysis	No linkage with melanoma occurrence	Geffrotin et al., 2004; Du et al., 2007
Pigmentation
MC1R	MeLiM; association analysis and sequencing	Association of MC1R∗2 allele with melanoma occurrence	Du et al., 2007
MITF	MeLiM; linkage and association analysis, gene expression, somatic status	No linkage/association with melanoma occurrence; changes in gene expression compatible with human melanoma data; no genomic amplification in tumors	Bourneuf et al., 2011
KIT	MeLiM; association analysis	Association with melanoma occurrence	Fernández-Rodríguez et al., 2014
Proliferation
BRAF	MeLiM; association analysis	No association with melanoma occurrence	Geffrotin et al., 2004
Telomere biology
TERT	Sinclair; cytogenetics and functional assays	Karyotypic abnormalities, no telomerase activity in tumors	Pathak et al., 2000
Endogenous retroviruses	MMS Troll; cell biology	Increased expression of transcripts in melanoma and metastasis; release of viral particles	Dieckhoff et al., 2007