Table 1.
Factors associated with high blood pressure among HIV-infected adults taking antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia (N = 896)
| Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, per 10-year increase | 1.62 (1.30–2.02) | 1.52 (1.20–1.93) |
| Male sex | 2.00 (1.30–3.07) | 2.33 (1.43–3.80) |
| Monthly household income | ||
| <K500.00 | Reference | |
| ≥K500.00 | 1.40 (0.84–2.32) | |
| Education level completed | ||
| No formal education | Reference | |
| Grade 1–6 | 0.98 (0.30–3.15) | |
| Grade 7–9 | 1.32 (0.45–3.83) | |
| Grade 10 and above | 1.58 (0.53–4.73) | |
| WHO clinical stage | ||
| 1 or 2 | Reference | |
| 3 or 4 | 0.99 (0.65–1.51) | |
| Body mass index | ||
| <18.5 | Reference | Reference |
| 18.5–25 | 1.69 (0.97–2.93) | 1.55 (0.88–2.74) |
| >25 | 3.65 (1.86–7.15) | 4.07 (1.94–8.53) |
| HBV coinfection | 1.14 (0.70–1.85) | |
| CD4+ count, per 50-cell increase | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | |
| Unhealthy alcohol consumptiona | 1.22 (0.81–1.86) |
aUnhealthy alcohol use was defined as ±4 points in men and ±3 points in women on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption.
CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization; HBV, hepatitis B virus; BL, baseline; HIV, human immunodeficiency.