Table 3.

Multivariate logistic regression displaying adjusted odds ratios for maternal health care utilization (women not receiving ANC during latest pregnancy and delivering without skilled birth attendance) in Nepal, adjusted for maternal age.

	2001		2006		2011		2014
No ANC attendance
	OR	CI 95%	OR	CI 95%	OR	CI 95%	OR	CI 95%
Non-poor (2nd–5th percentile)	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Poor (lowest percentile)	2.17	1.87–2.52	2.93	2.48–3.46	2.82	2.31–3.43	2.78	2.09–3.73
Literate	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Illiterate	3.02	2.63–3.46	2.21	1.88–2.60	2.38	1.95–2.92	2.16	1.62–2.89
Hill/Terai	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Mountain	1.70	1.33–2.19	1.44	1.12–1.85	1.16	0.93–1.46	1.24	0.93–1.65
Urban	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Rural	3.15	2.63–4.27	1.68	1.27–2.23	1.61	1.20–2.16	1.98	1.17–3.36
No skilled attendance at birth
	OR	CI 95%	OR	CI 95%	OR	CI 95%	OR	CI 95%
Non-poor (2nd–5th Percentile)	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Poor (lowest percentile)	3.62	2.66–4.94	3.31	2.54–4.32	3.60	3.04–4.25	5.42	4.17–7.04
Literate	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Illiterate	4.48	3.74–5.35	3.84	3.24–4.54	2.63	2.29–3.05	2.52	1.98–3.12
Hill/Terai	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Mountain	1.73	1.09–2.72	1.70	1.17–2.47	1.80	1.50–2.16	2.13	1.64–2.77
Urban	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Rural	6.58	5.27–8.19	4.13	3.44–4.95	3.54	3.03–4.14	7.46	5.29–10.5