Table 1. Sample Characteristics by Anxiety Diagnosis.
| Characteristica | Anxious (N=75) Mean (SD) | Healthy (N=76) Mean (SD) | t | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age range (years) | 8.09–18.08 | 8.09–17.82 | ||
| Age (years) | 12.12 (2.98) | 12.82 (2.54) | −1.57 | 0.12 |
| IQ (WASI)b | 115.80 (15.15) | 112.89 (11.19) | 1.34 | 0.18 |
| SES | 31.15 (14.46) | 34.95 (14.65) | −1.53 | 0.13 |
| SCARED Total-Child | 27.73 (11.71) | 9.60 (9.74) | 8.07 | <0.001 |
| SCARED Total-Parent | 33.38 (12.33) | 3.74 (4.22) | 18.30 | <0.001 |
| SCARED Total-P/C Avg | 30.56 (8.80) | 6.67 (5.77) | 16.93 | <0.001 |
| SCARED-SoPH Child | 7.65 (4.35) | 3.14 (3.56) | 5.43 | <0.001 |
| SCARED-SoPH Parent | 8.45 (4.25) | 1.65 (2.20) | 10.97 | <0.001 |
| SCARED-SoPH P/C Avg | 8.05 (3.66) | 2.39 (2.42) | 9.60 | <0.001 |
| SCARED-Gen Child | 8.76 (4.76) | 2.54 (2.66) | 8.71 | <0.001 |
| SCARED-Gen Parent | 11.07 (4.03) | 1.03 (1.66) | 18.23 | <0.001 |
| SCARED-Gen P/C Avg | 9.92 (3.24) | 1.78 (1.67) | 17.22 | <0.001 |
| STAI-State | 30.96 (4.74) | 27.40 (4.35) | 4.57 | <0.001 |
| CDI | 9.47 (7.04) | 3.07 (3.42) | 6.56 | <0.001 |
| PARS-Baseline rangec | 7.00–27.00 | — | — | — |
| PARS-Baselinec | 17.11 (3.07) | — | — | — |
| PARS-Post rangec | 1.00–22.00 | — | — | — |
| PARS-Postc | 12.60 (4.34) | — | — | — |
| RH mean thickness (mm) | 2.69 (0.12) | 2.66 (0.12) | 1.17 | 0.25 |
| LH mean thickness (mm) | 2.70 (0.12) | 2.67 (0.11) | 1.32 | 0.19 |
| Intracranial volume (mm3) | 1,494,815.36 (169,509.69) | 1,535,033.25 (161,104.22) | −1.50 | 0.14 |
| Characteristic | Anxious (N=75) N (%) | Healthy (N=76) N (%) | χ2 | p-value |
| Female | 44 (58.67%) | 43 (56.58%) | 0.07 | 0.80 |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| GAD | 55 (73.33%) | 0 | — | — |
| SoPH | 41 (54.67%) | 0 | — | — |
| SAD | 38 (50.67%) | 0 | — | — |
| Panic | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| Specific phobia | 22 (29.33%) | 0 | — | — |
| MDD | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| ADHD | 7 (9.33%) | 0 | — | — |
| ODD | 1 (1.30%) | 0 | — | — |
| PDD-NOS | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| Tic/Tourette dx | 3 (4.00%) | 0 | — | — |
| SM | 4 (5.33%) | 0 | — | — |
| Elimination dx | 4 (5.33%) | 0 | — | — |
| Prior psychotropic medicationsd | 9 (12.0%) | — | — | — |
| Antidepressant/anxiolytic | 4 (5.33%) | — | — | — |
| Anti-ADHD/stimulant | 5 (6.67%) | — | — | — |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ANX, anxious youths; Avg, average; C, child; CDI, child depression inventory; CGI, Clinical Global Impressions Scale Improvement; Dx, disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; Gen, generalized anxiety; HV, healthy youths; IQ, intelligence quotient; LH, left hemisphere; MDD, major depressive disorder; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; P, parent; PARS, Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale; PDD-NOS, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified; RH, right hemisphere; SAD, separation anxiety disorder; SCARED, Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders; SES, socioeconomic status; SM, selective mutism; SoPH, social anxiety disorder; STAI, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; WASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence.
Data unavailable: IQ (WASI): 1 HV, 0 ANX; SES: 11 HV, 2 ANX; SCARED: 39 HV, 4 ANX; STAI-State: 13 HV, 0 ANX; CDI: 33 HV, 2 ANX.
IQ ascertained by the Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning subscales of the WASI.
PARS data reported for the subset of n=53 patients included in the treatment response analyses.
All patients were free of psychotropic medications at the time of scanning.