Table 4.
National and international comparisons of birth defects for 2006–2009, rate per 10,000 newborns (includes livebirths, stillbirths and terminations at 22 weeks and beyond).
| Arkhangelsk Countya (n=58,141) |
Murmansk County “Combined registry” (n=35,417) |
Norwayb (n=243,231) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of birth defect | n | rate (95% CI) | n | rate (95% CI) | n | rate (95% CI) |
| Anencephaly; Q00 | 40 | 6.9 (5–9) | 2 | 0.6 (0–1) | 9 | 0.4 (0–1) |
| Spina bifida; Q05 | 55 | 9.5 (7–12) | 4 | 1.1 (0–2) | 46 | 1.9 (1–2) |
| Encephalocele; Q01 | 11 | 1.9 (1–3) | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0.4 (0–1) |
| Congenital hydrocephalus; Q03 | 27 | 4.6 (3–6) | 19 | 5.4 (3–8) | 73 | 3.0 (2–4) |
| Anophthalmos, microphthalmos; Q11.0, Q11.2 | 2 | 0.3 (0–1) | 1 | 0.3 (0–1) | — | — |
| Anotia, microtia; Q16.0, Q17.2 | 3 | 0.5 (0–2) | 4 | 1.1 (0–2) | 10 | 0.4 (0–1) |
| Transposition of great vessels; Q20.3 | 16 | 2.8 (2–5) | 3 | 0.8 (0–2) | 102 | 4.2 (3–5) |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome; Q23.4 | 18 | 3.1 (2–5) | 1 | 0.3 (0–1) | 46 | 1.9 (1–2) |
| Cleft palate; Q35 | 14 | 2.4 (1–4) | 30 | 8.5 (5–12) | 164 | 6.7 (6–8) |
| Cleft lip with or without cleft palate; Q36.0, Q36.9, Q37 | 30 | 5.2 (3–7) | 14 | 4.0 (2–6) | 291 | 12.0 (11–13) |
| Oesophageal atresia; Q39.0–Q39.4 | 14 | 2.4 (1–4) | 8 | 2.3 (1–4) | 58 | 2.4 (2–3) |
| Ano-rectal atresia; Q42.0–Q42.3 | 9 | 1.5 (1–3) | 5 | 1.4 (0–3) | 60 | 2.5 (2–3) |
| Renal agenesis or dysgenesis; Q60.1, Q60.4, Q60.6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1.7 (0–3) | 12 | 0.5 (0–1) |
| Hypospadias; Q54.0–Q54.3, Q54.8, Q54.9 | 24 | 4.1 (2–6) | 91 | 25.7 (2–31) | 317 | 13.0 (12–14) |
| Epispadias; Q64.0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.8 (0–2) | — | — |
| Bladder exstrophy; Q64.1 | 2 | 0.3 (0–1) | 1 | 0.3 (0–1) | — | — |
| Limb reduction defects; Q71–Q73 | 10 | 1.7 (1–3) | 34 | 9.6 (6–13) | 76 | 3.1 (2–4) |
| Diaphragmatic hernia; Q79.0 | 7 | 1.2 (0–2) | 6 | 1.7 (0–3) | 50 | 2.1 (1–3) |
| Omphalocele; Q79.2 | 23 | 4.0 (2–6) | 3 | 0.8 (0–2) | 30 | 1.2 (1–2) |
| Gastroschisis; Q79.3 | 17 | 2.9 (2–4) | 5 | 1.4 (0–3) | 79 | 3.2 (3–4) |
| Down syndrome; Q90.0 | 68 | 11.7 (9–14) | 34 | 9.6 (6–13) | 309 | 12.7 (11–14) |
| Total | 390 | 67 (60–74) | 274 | 77 (68–86) | 1742 | 72 (68–75) |
a Data from Arkhangelsk Regional Congenital Defects Registry. b Data from Norwegian Birth Registry. CI, confidence interval.