Fig. 5.

Schematic diagram of omnidirectional printing of 3D microvascular networks in a hydrogel reservoir: a deposition of a fugitive ink into a gel reservoir to pattern hierarchical, branching networks, b filling the voids induced by nozzle translation with liquid that migrates from the fluid capping layer, c yield of a chemically cross-linked, hydrogel matrix by photo-polymerizing the reservoir, d, e exposure of the microvascular channels by removing the liquefied ink under a modest vacuum, and f fluorescent image of a 3D microvascular network (scale bar = 10 mm), with courtesy of [53]