Figure 3.

Delivery Methods for Biomaterial-Based Applications in MI

When designing a biomaterial approach for MI, the importance of the delivery route is often underestimated. (A) Intracoronary infusion via a balloon infusion catheter relies on leaky acute MI vasculature for delivery, whereas (C) transendocardial injection via a catheter requires specialized training. However, neither of these minimally invasive methods requires an invasive surgery, unlike (B) direct epicardial injections.

Reproduced with permission from Stamm et al. (53).