Line graph including salivary BPIFA1, TNF-α, and IL-6 (pg/mL, median (IQR)) concentrations in different severities of periodontitis stratified by T2DM. Blue lines and dots represent NDM subjects, and the red lines and dots represent T2DM subjects. Each group included 4 grades of periodontitis by severity including none, mild, moderate, and severe, and the median values are displayed (dots). The concentration of BPIFA1 (a) in the nonperiodontitis group was significantly higher than in the moderate periodontitis group. The level of BPIFA1 in the moderate periodontitis group was significantly lower than in the severe periodontitis group. The concentration of BPIFA1 was at its lowest in the moderate periodontitis group. However, in those with T2DM, the concentration of BPIFA1 (b) was significantly lower in the nonperiodontitis group in comparison to both the mild periodontitis and moderate periodontitis groups. BPIFA1 in the severe periodontitis group was significantly lower than in the mild and moderate periodontitis groups. Comparisons between the T2DM and NDM groups revealed that in T2DM subjects without periodontitis, BPIFA1 levels were significantly lower in those NDM subjects without periodontitis and was significantly lower in T2DM subjects with severe periodontitis individuals compared with NDM subjects with severe periodontitis. The concentration of TNF-α is shown in (c) and (d). In NDM subjects, the concentration of TNF-α in the nonperiodontitis group was significantly higher than in the mild periodontitis group and moderate periodontitis groups. BPIFA1 was significantly lower in the moderate periodontitis group compared with the severe periodontitis group. However, in those subjects with T2DM, the concentration of TNF-α was significantly lower in the severe periodontitis group in comparison to the moderate periodontitis group. Comparisons between T2DM and NDM groups revealed that T2DM subjects with moderate periodontitis had significantly lower BPIFA1 than NDM subjects. The concentration of IL-6 among the NDM and T2DM groups is presented in (e) and (f), which showed that the concentration of IL-6 in the moderate periodontitis group was significantly higher than in the severe periodontitis group, among T2DM subjects.