. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Popul Dev Rev. 2017 May 31;43(3):443–466. doi: 10.1111/padr.12072

Appendix Table 3.

Predicted Spousal Age Gap by Timing of Marriage, Migration and Spousal Citizenship and Country of Origin: Noncitizen Female Respondents.

	Women Respondents				Unweighted Number of Cases

	Spouse is a Citizen at Marriage		Spouse is a Non-Citizen at Marriage

	Marry Before/On Arrival	Marry After Arrival	Marry Before/On Arrival	Marry After Arrival

CANADA	2.43	3.03	2.04	3.04 ^***	2,319
LATIN AMERICA/CARIBEAN	6.33 ^***	4.75 ^***	2.45 ^***	1.27 ^***	29,374
Mexico	5.14 ^***	4.20 ^***	2.11 ^***	1.17 ^***	19,117
Central America	7.84 ^***	5.53 ^***	2.41 ^***	1.18 ^***	5,679
Cuba	8.27 ^***	6.89 ^***	2.59	2.85 ^***	1,005
West Indies	8.03 ^***	5.45 ^***	4.24 ^***	2.47 ^***	3,573
SOUTH AMERICA	6.86 ^***	4.47 ^***	2.70 ^***	1.48 ^***	8,231
NORTHERN/WESTERN EUROPE	3.48 ^**	3.02 ^*	1.85	2.14 ^***	2,800
Sweden	4.81 ⁺	2.91	2.72	1.87	170
UK	3.25 ^**	2.72 ^*	1.77	1.41 ^*	1,578
France	3.56	4.41	1.89 ⁺	3.28 ^***	493
Netherlands	3.56	2.51	2.16 ⁺	5.82 ^*	154
Denmark/Norway/Finland/Iceland	3.21	3.00	2.64	1.14 ^*	182
Switzerland/Belgium/Austria	3.27	2.58	0.52	1.68 ^*	223
SOUTHERN EUROPE	4.82 ^**	4.63 ^**	2.45	2.47 ^***	972
Albania	6.97 ⁺	6.57	4.82	4.11 ^***	179
Greece	6.25 ^*	5.05 ^*	3.25	1.79	133
Italy	2.88	4.00	1.63	3.44	296
Spain	4.94 ^**	3.89 ^*	1.43	0.88	364
CENTRAL/EASTERN EUROPE	5.42 ^***	4.65 ^***	2.51	2.49 ^***	3,821
Bulgaria	3.94	6.26 ^**	2.03	2.71	278
Czechoslovakia	6.69 ^***	6.81 ^***	3.46	2.20	277
Germany	3.80	3.52	2.68	2.51 ^**	1,160
Hungary	9.25 ^*	7.35 ⁺	2.56	3.64	157
Poland	6.32 ^***	4.66 ^***	1.87	2.53 ^***	1,056
Romania	7.90 ^***	4.78 ^*	2.57	2.67 ^**	515
Yugoslavia	5.39 ^***	4.16 ⁺	3.50	2.48 ^***	378
RUSSIA/BALTIC STATES	9.14 ^***	6.54 ^***	3.24	2.72 ^***	3,080
EAST ASIA	6.18 ^***	4.38 ^***	2.30	2.12 ^***	10,553
China	8.59 ^***	5.46 ^***	2.61 ^*	2.21 ^***	6,340
Japan	2.26	2.75 ^*	1.17	1.52 ⁺	1,743
Korea	2.98 ^*	3.29 ^**	1.93	1.91 ^***	2,148
Other Asia	8.28 ^***	6.01	3.91	3.88 ⁺	322
SOUTH EAST ASIA	10.42 ^***	6.00 ^***	3.13 ^**	2.19 ^***	9,950
Cambodia	10.46 ^**	6.67	5.65	5.23 ^**	323
Indonesia	9.47 ^***	4.79 ^***	2.22 ⁺	0.99 ^*	437
Malaysia	5.04 ^**	2.76	1.86	2.09 ^**	263
Philippines	10.79 ^***	6.09 ^***	2.51	2.06 ^***	5,614
Thailand	11.06 ^***	7.46 ^***	2.20	3.47 ^***	863
Vietnam	9.25 ^***	5.60 ^***	5.03 ^**	2.54 ^***	2,138
INDIA/SOUTHWEST ASIA	6.15 ^***	5.10 ^***	3.66 ^***	2.70 ^***	12,295
Afghanistan	11.27 ^**	6.61	5.62	4.13	109
India	5.74 ^***	5.00 ^***	3.61 ^***	2.71 ^***	11,246
Iran	8.21 ^***	6.05 ^*	3.22	3.83 ^***	567
Nepal	7.23 ^**	4.21	4.16	3.44 ^***	373
MIDDLE EAST/ASIA MINOR	7.94 ^***	6.29 ^**	4.04	4.00 ^***	2,084
Iraq	9.00 ^**	6.82	4.97	4.79 ^***	388
Israel	4.46	4.43	2.10	3.07 ^**	280
Jordan	9.36	11.51 ⁺	7.94	6.41 ^**	134
Lebanon	9.33 ^*	6.11	4.97 ⁺	6.91 ^***	235
Saudi	8.42 ^***	6.21 ^**	3.99 ⁺	1.41 ^*	242
Syria	9.69	11.92 ^*	5.02	6.18 ^***	157
Turkey	7.44 ^***	6.71 ^**	2.15	2.24 ^**	443
Yemen	6.04 ⁺	4.28	3.52	1.47	205
AFRICA	8.74 ^***	6.04 ^***	4.80 ^**	3.95 ^***	4,250
Nigeria	10.53 ^***	5.55	4.80	5.23 ^***	614
Ethiopia	7.56 ^**	9.03 ^***	4.78	4.04 ^***	443
Egypt/UAE	7.56 ^*	7.38 ⁺	4.66	4.82 ^***	397
Ghana	7.79 ^***	5.10 ^*	3.42	3.19 ^***	502
Kenya	10.07 ^***	4.57	4.54	3.15	446
Morocco	10.14 ^***	7.05	5.13	4.93 ^***	382
South Africa	5.84 ^***	5.15 ^**	5.33 ^**	2.31 ^***	348
Other Africa	9.48 ^***	6.48 ^**	5.17	4.29 ^***	1,118
AUSTRALIA	3.09	2.92	1.87	1.72 ^**	573

Predicted age gap based on regression models including age at marriage, years of education and an indicator of remarriage.

^***

p<.001;

^**

p<.01;

p<.05;

⁺

p<.10