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EF exposure induces morphological changes in HLE-B3 cells. (A) HLE-B3 cells exhibited a cobblestone-like morphology in the absence of EF. (B) The cells were exposed to an EF of 100 mv/mm for 6, 12 and 24 h. Following EF exposure, the cells appeared larger and elongated, with a fibroblast-like or long spindle-shaped morphology, compared with untreated cells. Scale bar, 25 µm. EF, electric field; -, cathode; +, anode.
