Table 2.

Prediction of first registration for 11 major psychiatric disorders by Cox regression models from school standardized achievement measured at age 16 (both sexes) or IQ measured at ages 18–20 (males only) and familial cognitive aptitude

		School achievement			IQ
Disorder	Developmental pattern	School achievement (HR, 95% CIs)	Familial cognitive aptitude (HR, 95% CIs)	Males vs Femalesa (HR, 95% CIs)	IQ (HR, 95% CIs)	Familial cognitive aptitude (HR, 95% CIs)
Autism spectrum disorder	1	0.42 (0.41; 0.44)	2.12 (1.96; 2.30)	1.56 (1.45; 1.66)	0.65 (0.55; 0.78)	2.24 (1.64; 3.07)
Schizophrenia	1	0.57 (0.53; 0.61)	1.68 (1.47; 1.93)	1.84 (1.63, 2.08)	0.55 (0.46; 0.66)	1.55 (1.08; 2.23)
Other non-affective psychosis	1	0.67 (0.64; 0.71	1.37 (1.25; 1.58)	1.10 (1.03, 1.19)	0.60 (0.52; 0.68)	1.86 (1.41; 2.44)
Obsessive compulsive disorder	1	0.78 (0.74; 0.81)	1.32 (1.22; 1.42)	0.58 (0.54; 0.62)	0.75 (0.64; 0.88)	1.66 (1.20; 2.30)
ADHD	1	0.37 (0.36; 0.38)	1.18 (1.12; 1.25)	1.23 (1.18; 1.29)	0.52 (0.46; 0.58)	1.03 (0.84; 1.25)
Bipolar illness	1	0.77 (0.74; 0.80)	1.14 (1.07; 1.22)	0.45 (0.42; 0.48)	0.84 (0.72; 0.97)	1.21 (0.92; 1.58)
Major depression	2	0.72 (0.71; 0.73)	1.01 (0.98; 1.04)	0.51 (0.50; 0.52)	0.83 (0.78; 0.87)	1.03 (0.92; 1.15)
Anxiety disorders	2	0.66 (0.64; 0.67)	0.98 (0.93; 1.03)	0.61 (0.58; 0.63)	0.78 (0.71; 0.85)	0.94 (0.79; 1.13)
Anorexia nervosa	3	1.40 (1.29; 1.53)	1.40 (1.25; 1.57)	0.03 (0.03; 0.04)	—	—
Bulimia nervosa	3	1.18 (1.07, 1.30)	1.26 (1.09; 1.47)	0.01 (0.01; 0.02)	—	—
Drug abuse	4	0.48 (0.47; 0.48)	0.86 (0.84; 0.88)	2.67 (2.61; 2.74)	0.59 (0.57; 0.61)	0.74 (0.69; 0.80)
Alcohol use disorder	4	0.51 (0.50; 0.52)	0.84 (0.82; 0.87)	1.66 (1.61; 1.71)	0.59 (0.56; 0.62)	0.65 (0.59; 0.72)

Abbreviation: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IQ, intelligence quotient.

^aHR> 1 indicated more common in males.