Table 3.
Test of possible biases in our analyses by examining the predictive effect of standardized school achievement and familial cognitive aptitude in the youngest part of our cohort, utilizing only inpatient diagnoses and with no age-at-onset restrictions
| Born 1985–1990 | Inpatient diagnoses onlya | No age at onset restrictions | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Disorder | School achievement (HR, 95% CIs) |
Familial cognitive aptitude (HR, 95% CIs) |
M vs Fb (HR, 95% CIs) |
School achievement (HR, 95% CIs) |
Familial cognitive aptitude (HR, 95% CIs) |
M vs Fb HR, 95% CIs) |
School achievement (HR, 95% CIs) |
Familial cognitive aptitude (HR, 95% CIs) |
M vs Fb (HR, 95% CIs) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 0.40 (0.38; 0.42) | 2.10 (1.88; 2.35) | 1.55 (1.41; 1.70) | 0.40 (0.36; 0.44) | 3.16 (2.57; 3.87) | 1.34 (1.15; 1.57) | 0.41 (0.39; 0.42) | 2.21 (2.05; 2.39) | 1.62 (1.52; 1.73) |
| Schizophrenia | 0.53 (0.47; 0.61) | 1.80 (1.32; 2.45) | 1.58 (1.20, 2.07) | 0.56 (0.51; 0.61) | 1.68 (1.42; 1.99) | 1.99 (1.73, 2.30) | 0.57 (0.53; 0.61) | 1.69 (1.47; 1.93) | 1.82 (1.62; 2.06) |
| Other non-affective psychosis | 0.66 (0.61; 0.72) | 1.44 (1.23; 1.68) | 1.19 (1.04; 1.35) | 0.69 (0.65; 0.72) | 1.49 (1.34; 1.64) | 1.14 (1.05; 1.24) | 0.67 (0.64; 0.70) | 1.38 (1.26; 1.51) | 1.09 (1.0; 1.17) |
| Obssesive compulsive disorder | 0.97 (0.74; 0.84) | 1.31 (1.16; 1.49) | 0.58 (0.52; 0.64) | 0.68 (0.60; 0.77) | 1.31 (1.06; 1.63) | 0.73 (0.61; 0.88) | 0.77 (0.73; 0.80) | 1.36 (1.27; 1.47) | 0.59 (0.55; 0.63) |
| ADHD | 0.39 (0.38; 0.41) | 1.16 (1.07; 1.25) | 1.21 (1.13; 1.29) | 0.35 (0.32; 0.37) | 1.10 (0.93; 1.30) | 1.19 (1.02; 1.40) | 0.37 (0.36; 0.38) | 1.17 (1.11; 1.23) | 1.39 (1.33; 1.46) |
| Bipolar illness | 0.76 (0.72; 0.81) | 1.15 (1.02; 1.29) | 0.37 (0.33; 0.42) | 0.76 (0.71; 0.81) | 1.28 (1.15; 1.44) | 0.55 (0.50; 0.61) | 0.77 (0.74; 0.80) | 1.14 (1.07; 1.22) | 0.45 (0.42; 0.48) |
| Major depression | 0.70 (0.69; 0.72) | 1.07 (1.02; 1.13) | 0.49 (0.47; 0.51) | 0.66 (0.64; 0.68) | 1.00 (0.95; 1.06) | 0.57 (0.54; 0.59) | 0.71 (0.70; 0.73) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.06) | 0.50 (0.49; 0.52) |
| Anxiety disorders | 0.65 (0.62; 0.67) | 0.98 (0.90; 1.06) | 0.55 (0.51; 0.59) | 0.56 (0.52; 0.60) | 1.03 (0.88; 1.20) | 0.61 (0.53; 0.69) | 0.66 (0.64; 0.67) | 0.98 (0.94; 1.03) | 0.61 (0.58; 0.63) |
| Anorexia | 1.62 (1.44; 1.83) | 1.61 (1.37; 1.89) | 0.04 (0.03; 0.05) | 1.28 (1.16; 1.42) | 1.26 (1.09; 1.45) | 0.03 (0.03; 0.05) | 1.45 (1.35; 1.57) | 1.32 (1.19; 1.46) | 0.05 (0.04; 0.06) |
| Bulimia nervosa | 1.27 (1.08; 1.49) | 1.45 (1.15; 1.83) | 0.02 (0.01; 0.04) | 1.11 (0.90; 1.38) | 0.93 (0.68; 1.27) | 0.01 (0.00; 0.03) | 1.17 (1.06; 1.29) | 1.27; 1.09; 1.47) | 0.01 (0.01; 0.02) |
| Drug abuse | 0.50 (0.49; 0.51) | 0.89 (0.85; 0.92) | 2.78 (2.69; 2.88) | — | — | — | 0.47 (0.47, 0.48) | 1.29 (1.15; 1.45) | 2.63 (2.57; 2.69) |
| Alcohol use disorder | 0.53 (0.52; 0.55) | 0.87 (0.82; 0.92) | 1.23 (1.17; 1.29) | — | — | — | 0.52 (0.51; 0.52) | 0.85 (0.82; 0.87) | 1.57 (1.53; 01.61) |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
a
Drug abuse and alcohol use disorder diagnoses arise from both medical, criminal and pharmacy registries and thus could not be meaningfully calculated only from inpatient data.
b
HR41 indicated more common in males.