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. 2017 Oct 18;7:13469. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14004-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of growth factors on the synthesis of PLs by human osteoarthritic FLS as modulated by inhibitors of cell signalling pathways. (A,B) Effect of TGF-β1 as modulated by TGF-βR1 inhibitor. The percentages of labelled PL classes from the total corresponding labelled and unlabelled PL classes are presented. FLS were first pre-treated for 30 min with 10 µM TGF-βR1 kinase inhibitor SB431542, and then treated with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 16 hours in the presence of stable isotope-labelled PL precursors. (C,D) Effect of IGF-1 on PL biosynthesis as modulated by inhibitors of PI3K and ERK. The percentages of labelled PL classes from the total corresponding labelled and unlabelled PL classes are presented. FLS were first pre-treated for 30 min with 10 µM LY294002 inhibitor (PI3K) or 1 µM SCH772984 inhibitor (ERK), and then treated with 100 ng/ml IGF-1 for 16 hours in the presence of stable isotope-labelled PL precursors. Data are expressed as means ± SDs (n = 5). *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001. PC = phosphatidylcholines; PE = phosphatidylethanolamines; PE P = phosphatidylethanolamine-based plasmalogens; SM = sphingomyelins; LPC = lysophosphatidylcholines.