Table 2.

ED₅₀ and E_max values obtained in pain-depressed responses (appetitive and consumatory components of hedonic behaviour) and pain-induced reflexive responses (writhing) for all drugs evaluated.

	Reflexive Behaviour		Hedonic Behaviour
			Appetitive		Consumatory
	Writhing		Latency to eat		Amount consumed
	DE 50 ± SE	E max	DE 50 ± SE	E max	DE 50 ± SE	E max
Ibuprofen	122.6 ± 20.2	111.6	1.8 ± 0.8***	110.3	10.5 ± 2.0**,###	100
Diclofenac	59.6 ± 11.1	110.5	0.005 ± 0.004***	97.2	0.1 ± 0.03***,#	100
Morphine	0.8 ± 0.2	107.2	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
Duloxetine	5.9 ± 1.3	99.5	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.
Caffeine	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.

N.D.: not determined. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, one way-ANOVA, Bonferroni’s post hoc.