FIG. 5.

Sources of oxidative stress in diabetic wounds. Several mechanisms contribute to increased ROS levels in diabetes (indicated by stars). These include increased mitochondrial superoxide production, formation of advanced glycation end-products, increased activity of ROS-generating enzymes such as NADPH oxidase, and decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes and small molecules. AGE, advanced glycation end products; CAT, catalase; GLUT, glucose transporter; GSH, glutathione; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products; SOD, superoxide dismutase. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars