| separating
chickens from human living quarters |
feces →
fluids, food, fingers |
Harvey et al. (2003) |
provided wooden corrals
with commercial fish netting walls and fiberglass roofs |
peri-urban Peru |
uptake was low among households
that did not corral their poultry before the study |
| |
separated poultry by age,
sex, and/or species |
|
corralling did
not eliminate
child exposure to poultry |
| Oberhelman et al. (2006) |
provided corrals
sized based
on number of chickens in household and the size of available areas
on the property outside living quarters |
peri-urban Peru |
chicken feces from corralled
chickens was colonized with Campylobacter spp. more
often than control group |
| |
|
|
|
|
corralling might have increased
the risk of campylobacteriosis in children |
| |
| providing
animal
feces scoops |
feces →
fluids, fields, fingers |
Boehm et al. (2016) |
provided metal scoops for
removal of animal feces and safe disposal in a dual-pit latrine |
rural Bangladesh |
ruminant fecal markers detected
more often in stored water of control vs sanitation compounds |
| |
provided concrete ring-based
dual-pit latrines with slabs, water seals, and superstructures |
|
impossible to disentangle
effects of provision of metal scoop from other components |
| |
provided ″potties″
for young children |
|
|
| Hussain (2013) |
provided “sani-scoops”
for disposal of child and animal feces |
rural Bangladesh |
reported use of the hardware
was relatively high |
| |
|
|
provide “potties”
for young children |
|
minimal differences
detected
in the presence of human and animal feces in compounds between baseline
and follow-up visits |
| |
| creating safe child play
spaces |
feces →
fingers;
fields → human |
SHINE Trial et al. (2015) |
provided safe play areas
among a package of other WASH interventions |
rural Zimbabwe |
ongoing trial; results not
yet published |
| |
| improving animal veterinary
care |
animal →
feces |
Hall et al. (2012) |
increased veterinary care
of dairy cattle |
rural
Bangladesh |
increased
access to health
services, human and veterinary, in most villages reduces exposure
to emerging infectious disease hazards, as well as removing livestock
from one in three households, improving manure management in all villages,
and improving water and latrines in all villages |
| |
|
|
encouraged behavior
change
to reduce exposure to manure |
|
|
| |
|
|
improved agricultural production |
|
|
