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. 2017 Oct 17;113(8):1795–1806. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.031

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Colocalization of CTxB accumulations and membrane bending on supported lipid bilayers demonstrates the inherent capability of CTxB to induce membrane curvature. (A) The 2D histogram of DiI localizations with p-polarized excitation highlights where the membrane is more perpendicular to the coverslip. This is overlaid with the single-molecule localizations of CTxB that are displayed with red points. The membrane was bent where CTxB was concentrated. Larger membrane buds, as indicated by a white arrow, showed a high concentration of CTxB preferentially at the neck of the bud, where the membrane had a negative Gaussian curvature; it is shown schematically in (B). Smaller membrane buds, as indicated by black arrows, also had a locally increased concentration of CTxB, although sorting of CTxB on the smallest buds was not resolved. To see this figure in color, go online.