Figure 2.

Role of RAGE and TLR4 on AGE- or LPS-induced IL-6 secretion. (A and B) J774 macrophages were stained with RAGE or TLR4 antibody with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. (C-E) J774 macrophages were pre-incubated with or without RAGE antagonist or TLR-4 inhibitor for 1 h; cells were further incubated for 24 h with or without AGE or LPS. IL-6 levels in supernatant were determined using ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean n=4 for each experiment. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. AGE, advanced glycation end-products; RAGE, receptor for AGE; TLR4, Toll-like receptor; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; IL, interleukin; BSA, bovine serum albumin.