Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic features of included subjects (N=65), according to the presence of histological NASH
| Variable1 | No NASH (N=51) | NASH (N=14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age, median (range) | 50.0 [41.0, 56.5] | 46.5 [35.0, 55.5] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Female sex, % | 12 (37.5%) | 16 (50.0%) | 0.314 |
|
| |||
| Caucasian, % | 25 (78.1%) | 29 (90.6%) | 0.063 |
|
| |||
| BMI, median [IQR] | 43.7 [40.2, 49.5] | 45.0 [43.3, 50.4] | 0.003 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes, % | 9 (29.0%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.029 |
|
| |||
| Dyslipidemia, % | 13 (41.9%) | 13 (41.9%) | 1.000 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension, % | 14 (42.4%) | 20 (62.5%) | 0.202 |
|
| |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg¥ | 127.9 (13.7) | 130.2 (10.1) | 0.414 |
|
| |||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg¥ | 88.5 (8.4) | 90.1 (9.6) | 0.650 |
|
| |||
| Smoking (any vs. never), % | 20 (60.6%) | 13 (40.6%) | 0.141 |
|
| |||
| Family history of CAD, % | 6 (18.8%) | 12 (66.7%) | 0.016 |
|
Laboratory parameters | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dL, median [IQR] | 0.85 [0.72, 1.03] | 0.97 [0.71, 1.20] | 0.473 |
|
| |||
| HbA1c% | 5.9 (1.4) | 6.1 (0.5) | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 28.3 (15.8) | 41.0 (57.2) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 26.3 (12.7) | 31.3 (20.5) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.3 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.5) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Platelets, ×1000/mm3 | 278.0 (68.8) | 223.1 (60.4) | <0.0001 |
|
Echocardiographic parameter* | |||
|
Diastolic function
| |||
| E:A ratio | 1.16 [1.05, 1.32] | 1.03 [0.88, 1.42] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| E wave, cm/s | 86.0 [73.0, 96.0] | 76.0 [70.0, 89.0] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| A wave, cm/s | 70.0 [5.5, 78.0] | 67.0 [59.0, 85.0] | 0.320 |
|
| |||
| Deceleration time, msec | 195.0 [170.0, 210.0] | 180.0 [170.0, 220.0] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| E:e′ ratio | 10.5 [8.0, 12.4] | 9.2 [7.7, 10.1] | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Lateral E′, cm/s | 12.0 [10.0, 13.0] | 10.0 [8.0, 11.5] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Septal E′, cm/s | 8.5 [7.5, 10.0] | 7.0 [6.5, 9.5] | 0.010 |
|
LA and LV structure | |||
| LVEF, % | 65.0 [61.0, 71.5] | 68.5 [67.0, 72.0] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| LV mass index (LVMI) | |||
| ○ LVMI by height2.7, g/m2.7‡ | 50.5 [48.0, 53.5] | 59.5 [58.0, 64.0] | <0.0001 |
| ○ LVMI by BSA, g/m2 | 88.0 [86.0, 90.5] | 112.0 [108.0, 122.0] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| LVIDS, mm | 30.5 [28.0, 33.5] | 30.5 [26.0, 32.0] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| LVIDD, mm | 47.0 [43.0, 52.0] | 45.5 [42.5, 52.0] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| LA size index§ | |||
| ○ LA size/height, mm/cm | 0.32 [0.30, 0.35] | 0.37 [0.35, 0.39] | <0.0001 |
| ○ LA size/BSA, mm/m2 | 38.0 [34.0, 39.0] | 39.5 [37.5, 42.5] | 0.003 |
|
| |||
| LA volume index§ | |||
| ○ LAV/height, ml/cm | 0.31 [0.30, 0.35] | 0.38 [0.37, 0.40] | <0.0001 |
| ○ LAV/BSA, ml/m2 | 24.8 [19.3, 32.5] | 28.6 [22.3, 35.0] | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| IVS (mm) | 11.0 [10.0, 13.0] | 12.0 [10.5, 13.0] | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LV, left ventricle; LVIDS, left ventricular diameter, systole; LVIDD, left ventricular diameter, diastole; LA, left atrial; BSA, body surface area; IVS, interventricular septum
All variables are presented as mean (SD), with the exception of age, BMI and Creatinine which were not normally distributed and are thus presented as median [IQR].
All echocardiographic values are presented as median [IQR].
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were obtained at the time of transthoracic echocardiography
LV mass index is shown by indexation for heightˆ2.7, and by body surface area (BSA)7.
LA size and LA volume are indexed for body surface area (BSA, m2) as per recommendations by the American Society of Echocardiography7. For comparison, both parameters are also indexed separately for height (cm).