Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| AF patients |
Arthroplasty patients |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | p | OR | 95% CI | Edoxaban | |
| Age (years) | 67.5 ± 9.6 | 69.8 ± 8.9 | 0.286 | N/A | N/A | 67.8 ± 10.3 |
| Body mass index | 24.4 ± 3.1 | 23.2 ± 2.5 | 0.119 | N/A | N/A | 25.1 ± 4.8 |
| CHADS2 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 1 | 0.988 | N/A | N/A | 1.1 ± 1.1 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 0.564 | N/A | N/A | 2.6 ± 1.4 |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.934 | N/A | N/A | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
| Ccr (mL/min) | 77.7 ± 26.9 | 67.8 ± 23.1 | 0.084 | N/A | N/A | 86.2 ± 30.7 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 84.3 ± 78.8 | 93.5 ± 65.2 | 0.237 | N/A | N/A | 35.3 ± 35.6 |
| Dosing period (days) | 146.1 ± 90 | 80.4 ± 55.7 | 0.001 | N/A | N/A | 12.1 ± 0.3 |
| Loading time (h) | 9.1 ± 6.3 | 6.4 ± 6.5 | 0.027 | N/A | N/A | 10.6 ± 7.6 |
| LVEF (%) | 59.2 ± 7.8 | 57.7 ± 8.4 | 0.396 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Left atrial size (cm) | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4 ± 0.6 | 0.897 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| LAA flow (cm/s) | 52.1 ± 14.5 | 64.1 ± 19.4 | 0.073 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Heart failure | 1 (1.5%) | 4 (10.8%) | 0.035 | 7.879 | 0.846–73.344 | 0 (0%) |
| Hypertension | 33 (50%) | 17 (45.9%) | 0.693 | 0.850 | 0.379–1.905 | 34 (55.7%) |
| Age > 65 years | 45 (68.2%) | 27 (73%) | 0.611 | 1.260 | 0.517–3.073 | 39 (63.9%) |
| Age > 75 years | 17 (25.8%) | 12 (32.4%) | 0.470 | 1.384 | 0.573–3.343 | 17 (27.9%) |
| Diabetes | 10 (15.2%) | 7 (18.9%) | 0.621 | 1.307 | 0.451–3.782 | 15 (24.6%) |
| Stroke | 6 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.059 | 0.619 | 0.529–0.723 | 2 (3.3%) |
| Vascular disease | 6 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.059 | N/A | N/A | 3 (4.9%) |
| Female | 13 (19.7%) | 13 (35.1%) | 0.084 | 2.208 | 0.891–5.472 | 50 (82%) |
| AF | 66 (100%) | 37 (100%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1 (1.6%) |
| Gastric ulcer | 4 (6.1%) | 1 (2.7%) | 0.447 | 0.431 | 0.046–4.002 | |
| Cancer | 6 (9.1%) | 6 (16.2%) | 0.280 | 1.935 | 0.576–6.502 | |
| Aspirin use | 2 (3%) | 1 (2.7%) | 0.924 | 0.889 | 0.078–10.147 | 16 (26.2%) |
AF: atrial fibrillation; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; Cr: creatinine; Ccr: creatinine clearance; dosing time: days after initiating anticoagulation; LAA flow: flow velocity of the left atrial appendage measured using transesophageal echocardiography; loading time: hours from the last dose to the blood sampling test; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (percentage). Values are compared among AF patients and all patients.