Table 1. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical characteristics in study participants.
| Total (n = 2935, 100%) | Boys (n = 1539, 52.6%) | Girls (n = 1396, 47.4%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated population | 5,191,866 | 2,728,574 | 2,463,292 | - |
| Age (years) | 14.8 ± 0.1 | 14.8 ± 0.1 | 14.9 ± 0.1 | 0.265 |
| Height (cm) | 162.4 ± 0.2 | 166.3 ± 0.4 | 158.1 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Height z-score | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.003 |
| Weight (kg) | 55.9 ± 0.3 | 59.6 ± 0.5 | 51.9 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Weight z-score | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | 0.343 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.9 ± 0.1 | 21.2 ± 0.1 | 20.6 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI z-score | 0.02 ± 0.03 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.571 |
| BMI classification | ||||
| Normal (%) | 2210 (74.1%) | 1114 (70.7%) | 1096 (77.8%) | 0.001 |
| Overweight (%) | 380 (13.1%) | 211 (14.3%) | 169 (11.9%) | |
| Obese (%) | 345 (12.8%) | 214 (15.0%) | 131 (10.3%) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 70.2 ± 0.2 | 72.2 ± 0.3 | 67.9 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference to height ratio | 0.432 ± 0.001 | 0.434 ± 0.002 | 0.429 ± 0.002 | 0.041 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 107.6 ± 0.2 | 110.0 ± 0.3 | 104.9 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 66.5 ± 0.2 | 66.9 ± 0.3 | 66.0 ± 0.3 | 0.019 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 156.3 ± 0.7 | 151.5 ± 0.9 | 161.8 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 73.8 ± 0.9 | 73.1 ± 1.2 | 74.6 ± 1.3 | 0.358 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 49.4 ± 0.3 | 47.6 ± 0.3 | 51.4 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 105.1 ± 0.7 | 102.4 ± 0.9 | 108.3 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride/HDL-C ratio | 1.48 ± 0.03 | 1.51 ± 0.03 | 1.45 ± 0.03 | 0.186 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.99 ± 0.01 | 5.01 ± 0.01 | 4.96 ± 0.02 | 0.042 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.45 ± 0.01 | 5.46 ± 0.01 | 5.45 ± 0.01 | 0.441 |
| Serum AST (IU/L) | 18.6 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.2 | 16.8 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Serum ALT (IU/L) | 15.1 ± 0.3 | 18.1 ± 0.5 | 11.7 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 31 (1.8%) | 18 (1.9%) | 13 (1.7%) | 0.765 |
| CMRF clustering (%) | 188 (8.9%) | 109 (9.4%) | 79 (8.2%) | 0.407 |
| Abdominal obesity (%) | 243 (9.1%) | 119 (8.2%) | 124 (10.2%) | 0.109 |
| Hypertension (%) | 92 (3.6%) | 70 (5.6%) | 22 (1.5%) | <0.001 |
| Hyperglycemia (%) | 207 (7.0%) | 128 (8.2%) | 79 (5.6%) | 0.015 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia (%) | 229 (8.6%) | 133 (9.3%) | 96 (7.9%) | 0.254 |
| Low HDL-C (%) | 389 (18.2%) | 207 (17.7%) | 182 (18.7%) | 0.614 |
| Elevated ALT (%) | 146 (5.1%) | 102 (7.0%) | 44 (3.1%) | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; aspartate transaminase; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; ALT: alanine transaminase; CMRF: cardio metabolic risk factor.
Data were expressed as weight mean ± standard error or number of cases (weighted percent).
Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, non-HDL cholesterol and TG/HDL-C ratio were log-transformed and expressed as geometric mean ± standard error.