Table 2. Socio-economic characteristics of the study population (n = 233 households).
| Characteristic | Frequency | (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Housing | ||
| Type of floor material | ||
| Cement/stone | 26 | 11.2 |
| Smeared mud | 136 | 58.4 |
| Sand/dust | 70 | 30.0 |
| Mixed mud and sand | 1 | 0.4 |
| Type of wall material | ||
| Stone | 31 | 13.3 |
| Mud | 197 | 84.5 |
| Mixed stone and mud | 5 | 2.1 |
| Type of roof material | ||
| Makutia | 112 | 48.1 |
| Mabatib | 118 | 50.6 |
| Mixed makuti and mabati | 1 | 0.4 |
| Tiles | 2 | 0.9 |
| Sanitation | ||
| Toilet | ||
| Flush toilet | 10 | 4.3 |
| Ventilated pit latrine | 15 | 6.4 |
| Traditional latrine | 76 | 32.6 |
| Bush | 132 | 56.7 |
| Waste disposal | ||
| Pit | 85 | 36.5 |
| Pile | 100 | 42.9 |
| Spread | 47 | 20.2 |
| Compost | 1 | 0.4 |
| Water source | ||
| Tap on compound | 36 | 15.5 |
| Shared community tap | 195 | 83.7 |
| Mud puddles | 2 | 0.9 |
| Time to reach water source (min) | ||
| 0–4 | 73 | 31.3 |
| 5–9 | 53 | 22.7 |
| 10–14 | 42 | 18.0 |
| 15–19 | 20 | 8.6 |
| 20–29 | 12 | 5.2 |
| ≥ 30 | 33 | 14.2 |
| Healthcare | ||
| Time to reach next health facility (min) | ||
| 0–9 | 16 | 6.9 |
| 10–19 | 40 | 17.2 |
| 20–29 | 43 | 18.5 |
| 30–39 | 70 | 30.0 |
| 40–49 | 16 | 6.9 |
| 50–59 | 2 | 0.9 |
| ≥ 60 | 46 | 19.7 |
| Economic status | ||
| Monthly income per household (KSh)c | ||
| 0–4850 | 87 | 37.3 |
| > 4850 | 40 | 17.2 |
| n.k. | 106 | 45.5 |
| Number of meals per day | ||
| 1 | 6 | 2.6 |
| 2 | 62 | 26.6 |
| > 2 | 165 | 70.8 |
| Land ownership | ||
| Own | 228 | 97.9 |
| Rent | 3 | 1.3 |
| Squatt | 2 | 0.9 |
| Domestic animals | ||
| Animals on compound | ||
| Any animal | 205 | 88.0 |
| Dogs | 59 | 25.3 |
| Cats | 59 | 25.3 |
| Goats | 140 | 60.1 |
| Cows | 70 | 30.0 |
| Chicken | 172 | 73.8 |
| Ducks | 42 | 18.0 |
a palm leaves
b corrugated iron sheets
c KSh 4850 correspond to the minimum wage in Kenya for an unskilled worker in agricultural industry at the time of the survey and is equivalent to ~ 55 USD
n.k. = not known