Table 3. Bivariate analysis of geographic risk factors (n = 1,086 individuals).

Exposure variable		n	Frequency of tungiasis		Presence of tungiasis		Presence of severe Tungiasis (> 30 lesions)
			(%) any	(%) heavy	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Location
Malanga Sublocationa	Mtoroni	116	7.8	0.9	Reference
	Yembe	27	59.3	3.7	17.29 (6.20–48.23)	<0.0001	4.42 (0.27–73.05)	0.2987
	Kadzitsoni	133	33.8	3.8	6.08 (2.82–13.12)	<0.0001	4.49 (0.52–30.02)	0.1732
	Chembe	76	10.5	0.0	1.40 (0.51–3.80)	0.5106	0.50 (0.02–12.52)	0.6754
	Bahati	17	64.7	0.0	21.80 (6.53–72.74)	<0.0001	2.20 (0.09–56.17)	0.6334
Kakuyuni Sublocation	Kakuyuni	324	35.5	7.4	6.54 (3.19–13.40)	<0.0001	9.20 (1.23–68.80)	0.0306
	Goshi	221	19.9	2.7	2.96 (1.39–6.30)	0.0050	3.21 (0.38–26.98)	0.2831
	Vihingoni	172	13.4	2.3	1.84 (0.82–4.12)	0.1416	2.74 (0.30–24.81)	0.3704

^a The village with the lowest prevalence was used as reference.