Figure 5.

AMPK modulates the glucose-driven effect on the mode of proliferation in vitro. (a) Activation of AMPK using Metformin (M) induces greater asymmetric division in a high-glucose (20 mM) condition. (b) Inhibition of AMPK using Compound C (c) blocks the switch to asymmetric division normally seen in no glucose conditions. Epithelial organoids from mice were glucose deprived for 4 h and then incubated with 0 mM or 20 mM in the presence or absence of M or C. All dividing crypt base cells per well (run in triplicate for each mouse) were analyzed. Values are mean ± SEM. % of asymmetric division data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. Tukey–Kramer post hoc analysis was performed. Means with different letters indicate significantly different, P < 0.05