Table 3.
Results of multilevel multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine places, social contexts and individual characteristics associated with alcohol simultaneous use, OR (CI)
| Alcohol and tobacco1 | Alcohol and marijuana1 | Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Event level | ||||||
| Home2 | 1.41 (0.81, 2.48) | 0.22 | 1.13 (0.65, 1.98) | 0.67 | 1.38 (0.75, 2.55) | 0.30 |
| Someone else’s home2 | 1.09 (0.63, 1.88) | 0.75 | 1.07 (0.63, 1.83) | 0.80 | 1.03 (0.57, 1.86) | 0.92 |
| Bar or restaurant2 | 0.83 (0.47, 1.46) | 0.52 | 0.34 (0.18, 0.62) | <0.001 | 0.27 (0.14, 0.54) | <0.001 |
| Number of people3 | ||||||
| 10–19 people | 1.25 (0.79, 1.99) | 0.34 | 1.10 (0.69, 1.77) | 0.69 | 1.18 (0.70, 1.99) | 0.54 |
| 20+ people | 0.85 (0.53, 1.35) | 0.49 | 0.68 (0.42, 1.14) | 0.13 | 1.04 (0.62, 1.76) | 0.88 |
| % of drunk people4 | ||||||
| 20–50% were drunk | 1.90 (1.18, 3.05) | 0.008 | 1.82 (1.11, 2.97) | 0.02 | 1.65 (0.93, 2.94) | 0.09 |
| 51%+ were drunk | 7.23 (4.25, 12.32) | <0.001 | 7.11 (4.13, 12.24) | <0.001 | 12.86 (7.13, 23.18) | <0.001 |
| Drinks refused5 | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.97 | 0.81 (0.52, 1.27) | 0.36 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 0.76 |
| Being drunk5 | 1.04 (0.79, 1.38) | 0.77 | 1.17 (0.90, 1.52) | 0.25 | 1.18 (0.89, 1.57) | 0.24 |
| Individual level | ||||||
| Age | 1.16 (1.07, 1.27) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 0.54 | 1.10 (1.00, 1.20) | 0.05 |
| Male | 5.05 (2.83, 8.99) | <0.001 | 3.50 (1.95, 6.30) | <0.001 | 7.00 (3.75, 13.04) | <0.001 |
| Education | 0.30 (0.21, 0.44) | <0.001 | 0.34 (0.23, 0.49) | <0.001 | 0.27 (0.18, 0.39) | <0.001 |
| Secularity | 1.00 (0.79, 1.28) | 0.94 | 0.63 (0.49, 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.63, 1.06) | 0.13 |
| White | 1.47 (0.89, 2.41) | 0.13 | 1.43 (0.91, 2.24) | 0.12 | 1.66 (1.07, 2.58) | 0.03 |
| Hispanic | 0.46 (0.25, 0.84) | 0.01 | 0.77 (0.47, 1.26) | 0.29 | 0.89 (0.56, 1.43) | 0.63 |
| Positive expectancies | 1.67 (1.09, 2.57) | 0.02 | 1.53 (0.99, 2.38) | 0.06 | 1.72 (1.08, 2.74) | 0.02 |
| Negative expectancies | 0.28 (0.17, 0.47) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.22, 0.63) | <0.001 | 0.32 (0.18, 0.55) | <0.001 |
| Depression | 6.94 (3.75, 12.85) | <0.001 | 6.47 (3.47, 12.10) | <0.001 | 11.86 (6.28, 22.39) | <0.001 |
| Past month alcohol use | 2.06 (1.15, 3.70) | 0.02 | 2.26 (1.25, 4.10) | 0.007 | 2.51 (1.34, 4.69) | 0.004 |
1
Compared with alcohol use only events.
2
Reference group, outdoor areas.
3
Reference group, fewer than 10 people.
4
Reference group, fewer than 20% were drunk.
5
no/yes.
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.