Table A1.
Comparison of pairwise genetic distances based on eight microsatellite markers (F ST) versus Quantitative trait differences (Q ST) measured in Experiment 2. Q ST was calculated using the between‐population variance (Vb) and within‐population variance (Vw) as outlined in the methods
| Population 1 | Population 2 | Trait | Between population | Within population | F ST or Q ST | Population 1 | Population 2 | Trait | Between population | Within population | F ST or Q ST |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chisumulu | Chilwa | F ST | 0.098 | Enukweni | Makanjila | F ST | 0.057 | ||||
| Brood size | 3.340 | 14.104 | 0.106 | Brood size | 0.000 | 110.799 | 0.000 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.125 | 0.085 | 0.423 | Length fry at release | 0.012 | 0.045 | 0.115 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 3.982 | 2.676 | 0.427 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.113 | 1.491 | 0.036 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 1.931 | 2.988 | 0.244 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 2.837 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.000 | 1.650 | 0.000 | Incubation time | 0.172 | 2.524 | 0.033 | ||||
| Chisumulu | Enukweni | F ST | 0.159 | Enukweni | Mbenji | F ST | 0.159 | ||||
| Brood size | 4.534 | 54.190 | 0.040 | Brood size | 0.000 | 50.750 | 0.000 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.121 | 0.058 | 0.508 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.042 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.300 | 2.958 | 0.048 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 2.055 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.999 | 4.358 | 0.103 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 2.957 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.178 | 2.760 | 0.031 | Incubation time | 0.000 | 2.116 | 0.000 | ||||
| Chisumulu | Linthipe | F ST | 0.110 | Enukweni | Mpatsonjoka | F ST | NA | ||||
| Brood size | 0.707 | 9.644 | 0.035 | Brood size | 0.000 | 42.930 | 0.000 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.103 | 0.051 | 0.504 | Length fry at release | 0.002 | 0.132 | 0.007 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.995 | 2.828 | 0.150 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 2.641 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 4.385 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 3.006 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 2.594 | 2.058 | 0.387 | Incubation time | 0.000 | 2.146 | 0.000 | ||||
| Chisumulu | Makanjila | F ST | 0.039 | Enukweni | Ruvuma | F ST | 0.266 | ||||
| Brood size | 28.750 | 90.970 | 0.136 | Brood size | 0.000 | 73.080 | 0.000 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.042 | 0.065 | 0.243 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.047 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 2.779 | 2.414 | 0.365 | Growth days 0–35 | 1.303 | 1.359 | 0.324 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 4.070 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 2.270 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 1.525 | 2.033 | 0.273 | Incubation time | 0.285 | 2.023 | 0.066 | ||||
| Chisumulu | Mbenji | F ST | 0.065 | Linthipe | Makanjila | F ST | 0.055 | ||||
| Brood size | 4.320 | 11.640 | 0.157 | Brood size | 14.690 | 75.200 | 0.089 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.085 | 0.063 | 0.403 | Length fry at release | 0.005 | 0.039 | 0.061 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 1.620 | 3.456 | 0.190 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.080 | 1.789 | 0.022 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.299 | 4.458 | 0.032 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 3.480 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.364 | 1.666 | 0.099 | Incubation time | 0.000 | 1.888 | 0.000 | ||||
| Chisumulu | Mpatsonjoka | F ST | NA | Linthipe | Mbenji | F ST | 0.120 | ||||
| Brood size | 8.137 | 9.094 | 0.309 | Brood size | 0.000 | 10.850 | 0.000 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.024 | 0.163 | 0.070 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.037 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.638 | 3.856 | 0.076 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 2.307 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 3.930 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 3.704 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.497 | 1.745 | 0.125 | Incubation time | 0.699 | 1.647 | 0.175 | ||||
| Chisumulu | Ruvuma | F ST | 0.165 | Linthipe | Mpatsonjoka | F ST | NA | ||||
| Brood size | 17.020 | 43.330 | 0.164 | Brood size | 1.742 | 8.708 | 0.091 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.097 | 0.067 | 0.420 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.120 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 4.720 | 2.166 | 0.521 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 2.791 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 3.817 | 3.239 | 0.371 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 3.423 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 17.020 | 43.330 | 0.164 | Incubation time | 0.584 | 1.711 | 0.146 | ||||
| Chilwa | Enukweni | F ST | 0.139 | Linthipe | Ruvuma | F ST | 0.237 | ||||
| Brood size | 0.000 | 47.280 | 0.000 | Brood size | 8.425 | 35.560 | 0.106 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.062 | 0.000 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.042 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.936 | 1.840 | 0.203 | Growth days 0–35 | 1.252 | 1.579 | 0.284 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 1.961 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.919 | 3.118 | 0.128 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.102 | 2.257 | 0.022 | Incubation time | 2.927 | 1.457 | 0.501 | ||||
| Chilwa | Linthipe | F ST | 0.149 | Makanjila | Mbenji | F ST | 0.062 | ||||
| Brood size | 0.000 | 10.851 | 0.000 | Brood size | 0.000 | 89.270 | 0.000 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.058 | 0.000 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.049 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.752 | 2.073 | 0.154 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 1.380 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.067 | 2.913 | 0.011 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 3.005 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 2.412 | 1.669 | 0.420 | Incubation time | 0.159 | 1.541 | 0.049 | ||||
| Chilwa | Makanjila | F ST | 0.071 | Makanjila | Mpatsonjoka | F ST | NA | ||||
| Brood size | 6.048 | 83.880 | 0.035 | Brood size | 2.437 | 74.751 | 0.016 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.011 | 0.070 | 0.075 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.132 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.090 | 1.494 | 0.029 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 2.414 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.297 | 2.045 | 0.068 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 2.872 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 1.410 | 1.573 | 0.309 | Incubation time | 0.094 | 1.628 | 0.028 | ||||
| Chilwa | Mbenji | F ST | 0.098 | Makanjila | Ruvuma | F ST | 0.156 | ||||
| Brood size | 0.000 | 13.695 | 0.000 | Brood size | 0.000 | 98.510 | 0.000 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.000 | Length fry at release | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.032 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.086 | 2.102 | 0.020 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.191 | 0.855 | 0.100 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 2.225 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.920 | 2.275 | 0.168 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.325 | 1.282 | 0.112 | Incubation time | 1.781 | 1.323 | 0.402 | ||||
| Chilwa | Mpatsonjoka | F ST | NA | Mbenji | Mpatsonjoka | F ST | NA | ||||
| Brood size | 0.000 | 13.695 | 0.000 | Brood size | 0.000 | 9.094 | 0.000 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.000 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.135 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.086 | 2.102 | 0.020 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 2.915 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 2.225 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 3.083 | 0.000 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.325 | 1.282 | 0.112 | Incubation time | 0.000 | 1.277 | 0.000 | ||||
| Chilwa | Ruvuma | F ST | 0.107 | Mbenji | Ruvuma | F ST | 0.237 | ||||
| Brood size | 5.734 | 39.000 | 0.068 | Brood size | 1.012 | 41.562 | 0.012 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.071 | 0.000 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.049 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 1.284 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.230 | 1.506 | 0.071 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 1.416 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.430 | 2.466 | 0.080 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.000 | 1.070 | 0.000 | Incubation time | 0.608 | 1.034 | 0.227 | ||||
| Enukweni | Linthipe | F ST | 0.108 | Mpatsonjoka | Ruvuma | F ST | NA | ||||
| Brood size | 0.000 | 43.920 | 0.000 | Brood size | 0.604 | 35.630 | 0.008 | ||||
| Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.036 | 0.000 | Length fry at release | 0.000 | 0.136 | 0.000 | ||||
| Growth days 0–35 | 0.000 | 1.940 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–35 | 0.457 | 2.334 | 0.089 | ||||
| Growth days 0–70 | 0.000 | 3.675 | 0.000 | Growth days 0–70 | 0.848 | 2.480 | 0.146 | ||||
| Incubation time | 0.805 | 2.496 | 0.139 | Incubation time | 0.709 | 1.183 | 0.230 |