Table 1.
Primary headaches course during pregnancy
| Author | Study design | Sample size | Improvement or remission (%) | Unchanged (%) | Worsening (%) | Extra data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Migraine without aura | ||||||
| Granella et al. [8] | R | 571 | 67.3 | 29.2 | 3.5 | Full sample size: 1300 women; 943 had had pregnancies; 571 women with migraine before first pregnancy |
| Scharff et al. [9] | P | 19 | 56.7 | 36.6 | 6.7 | Full sample size: 30; 11/30 with headache onset during pregnancy |
| Maggioni et al. [5] | R | 81 | 89.5 | 7.7 | 2.5 | Full sample size: 430 women, interviewed 3 days after delivery; among them, 81 MO, 12 MA, 33 TTH |
| Marcus et al. [10] | P | 49 | 40.8 | 51 | 8.2 | 16 M, 16 TTH, 15 M + TTH. Headache recorded daily during pregnancy and 3 months post-partum |
| Granella et al. [11] | R | 200 | 76.8 | 22.2 | 1 | 100 MA and 200 MO as controls |
| Mattsson [12] | R | 728 | 81.4 | 17.6 | 1 | Full sample size: 728; full information available for 102 women |
| Sances et al. [13] | P | 47 | 87.2 | 12.8 | 0 | Full sample size 49: 2 MA, 47 MO |
| Kelman [14] | R | 504 | 38.2 | 27.8 | 34 | Greater improvement in MO patients rather than MA patients |
| Ertresvåg et al. [15] | P | 410 | 65.9 | 19.8 | 14.4 | Full sample size: 1361 women. 410 with M. |
| Melhado et al. [16] | P | 737 | 65 | 26.1 | 8.9 | Full sample size: 1101 women. 737 with M. Data partially derived from graphics |
| Summary | 3346 | 66.9 | 25.8 | 8 | ||
| Migraine with aura | ||||||
| Maggioni et al. [5] | R | 12 | 83.4 | 16.6 | 0 | 430 women 3 days after delivery; among them, 81 MO, 12 MA, 33 TTH |
| Granella et al. [11] | R | 100 | 43.6 | 48.7 | 7.7 | 100 MA and 200 MO as controls |
| Mattsson [12] | R | 728 | 78.3 | 4.3 | 17.4 | Full sample size: 728; full information available for 23 women |
| Summary | 840 | 68.4 | 23.2 | 8.4 | ||
| Tension-type Headache | ||||||
| Maggioni et al. [5] | R | 33 | 82,1 | 17,9 | 0 | Full sample size: 430 women, interviewed 3 days after delivery; among them, 81 MO, 12 MA, 33 TTH |
| Melhado et al. [16] | P | 112 | N/A (≈ 60) | N/A (≈ 35) | N/A (≈ 5) | Full sample size: 1101 women. 112 with TTH. Data derived from graphics |
| Summary | 145 | – | – | – | ||
| Cluster Headache | ||||||
| Van Vliet et al. [31] | R | 53 | 69,9 | 20,7 | 9,4 | Full sample size: 196 CH; 53 had their first attack before the first pregnancy. 23% of episodic CH patients reported that an “expected” cluster period did not occur during pregnancy. Here improvement includes 8 patients who had a cluster period within 1 month after delivery. |
M, migraine; MO, migraine without aura; MA, migraine with aura; TTH, tension type headache; CH, cluster headache