Fig. 4.

Reduction in SLN expression improves skeletal muscle function in mdx:utr ^−/− mice. a Forelimb strength measured using a grip strength meter shows improved muscle strength in the mdx:utr ^−/− :sln ^+/− and tKO mice. We used 3–4 month old male and female mice for this study. The n number for each group is shown within the bar. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (t-test with Welch’s correction). # p < 0.0001 vs. mdx:utr ^−/−. *p < 0.05 vs. mdx:utr ^−/− :sln ^+/− and tKO mice. b, e Representative traces of twitch force at 2 Hz for EDL and hemidiaphragm respectively. c, f The maximum force generated by the EDL and hemidiaphragm at 2 Hz are significantly increased in the mdx:utr ^−/− :sln ^+/− mice compared to that of mdx:utr ^−/− mice. The n number for each group is shown within the bar. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. d, g Force-frequency curves indicating that force generated by EDL and hemidiaphragm in the mdx:utr ^−/− :sln ^+/− mice are significantly increased at all frequencies. EDL and hemidiaphragm are from 3 to 4 month old mice