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. 2017 Oct 19;7:13609. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13599-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Chronic administration of citalopram increased L-type VDCC current. (a) Outline of recordings from citalopram-administrated mice. After chronic treatment with citalopram (Cit; 24 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle (Water) for 28 days, acute raphe slices were prepared, and whole-cell voltage clamp recordings were performed. (b) Representative traces (left) and peak current (right) of high voltage activated (HVA) current in DRN serotonergic neurons from drug-naïve (Water) and citalopram-treated (Cit) mice. *P < 0.05 vs. Water. (Water, n = 8 neurons from 3 mice; Cit, n = 9 neurons from 4 mice; Student’s t-test; P = 0.0487). (c) Effects of intracellularly applied D890 on HVA current in DRN serotonergic neurons. P = 0.3402 vs. Water by Student’s t-test, Water, n = 8 neurons from 2 mice; Cit, n = 8 neurons from 2 mice. (d) Effects of bath-applied CGP52432 on high voltage activated (HVA) current in DRN serotonergic neurons. P = 0.5283 vs. Water by Student’s t-test, Water, n = 14 neurons from 4 mice; Cit, n = 11 neurons from 2 mice. (e) HVA VDCC current was recorded in the presence of WAY100635 and GR127935. *P < 0.05 vs. Water. (Water, n = 11 neurons from 2 mice; Cit, n = 12 neurons from 2 mice; Student’s t-test; P = 0.0107). (f) Effects of intracellularly applied KT5720 on HVA current in DRN serotonergic neurons. P = 0.6866 vs. Water by Student’s t-test, Water, n = 10 neurons from 2 mice; Cit, n = 12 neurons from 2 mice. (g) Effects of intracellularly applied gallein (20 μM) on HVA current in DRN serotonergic neurons. *P < 0.05 vs. Water. (Water, n = 12 neurons from 2 mice; Cit, n = 17 neurons from 2 mice; Student’s t-test; P = 0.0172). Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. (h) In normal condition, continuous GABA_B receptor signaling inhibits PKA activation. Decreased PKA activity might cause inhibition of L-type VDCC activity and subsequently serotonergic firing activity. After chronic antidepressant treatment, postsynaptic GABA_B signaling is decreased, resulting in activation of PKA and disinhibition of L-type VDCCs. Increasing Ca²⁺ current through L-type VDCCs accelerates serotonergic firing activity.