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Presence of bacteria determined as CFU detected per microliter loop sample scraped from the nasopharynx of ccl3−/− versus WT mice. None of the mice tested had been previously infected with NTHi in the ME; thus, the CFU represent murine bacterial species. Significantly more bacteria were cultured from the nasopharynges of ccl3−/− mice than from those of WT animals (*, P < 0.05 as determined by a Mann-Whitney U test) (n = 6 to 8 per strain; bars and error bars represent means ± SEM).
