Table 1.

Summary of research design by process studied.

Process	Preparing outpatient consultation	Providing outpatient consultation	Providing inpatient consultation
Sample	14 physicians and 5 nurses (same staff as in providing outpatient consultation process)	14 physicians, 5 nurses, and 3 clerks (same staff as in preparing outpatient consultation process)	17 physicians and 8 nurses (nurses perform clerical tasks)
Participant selection criteria	Must have completed the required training to use EHR	Must have completed the required training to use EHR	Must have completed the required training to use EHR
	Must have used EHR from the moment of its implementation	Must have used EHR from the moment of its implementation	Must have used EHR from the moment of its implementation
Setting	Private office	Examination room	Inpatient ward
Interaction	User-system	User-patient and user-system	User-patient and user-system
Procedure (per person)	Direct observation while preparing outpatient consultation, asking opportunistic questions while observing, and semistructured follow-up interviews	Direct observation while providing outpatient consultation and semistructured follow-up interviews	Direct observation during ward rounds and postward round EHR usage and semistructured follow-up interviews
Data analysis	Transcribing and subsequent bottom-up coding of audiovisual recordings in ATLAS.ti.	Transcribing and subsequent bottom-up coding of audiovisual recordings in ATLAS.ti.	Transcribing and subsequent bottom-up coding of audiovisual recordings in ATLAS.ti.