Table 1.

Comparison of the three approaches.

		One Health		EcoHealth	Planetary Health
		Narrow	Wide		Narrow	Wide
Core contributing sciences	Human	Public health	Public health Human medicine Molecular and microbiology Health economics Social sciences	Public health Human medicine Rural and urban development and planning Social sciences Anthropology	Public health Human medicine	Human medicine Economy Energy Natural resources
	Animal	Veterinary medicine	Veterinary medicine	Veterinary medicine	–	Agricultural sciences (including plant and animal production sciences)
	Ecosystem	–	Environmental health Ecology	Conservation and ecosystem management	–	Ecology Other environmental sciences (including climate and biodiversity research) Marine sciences
Knowledge base		Western scientific	Western scientific	Western scientific Indigenous knowledge	Western scientific	Western scientific
Core values	Health	Individual health	Individual and population health	Population health	Individual and population health	Individual and population health
	Groups	Humans Animals	Humans Animals Ecosystems	Humans Animals Ecosystems	Humans	Humans
	Other			Biodiversity Sustainability (for humans, animals, ecosystems)	Sustainability (for humans)	Sustainability (for humans)
Reference		(2, 5, 8, 9)	(4, 7, 8, 11)	(1, 6, 12–15)	(17)	(3)