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. 2017 Aug 4;11(11):2599–2610. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2017.112

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Proposed model of methane (CH₄) and hydrogen (H₂) oxidation in Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1. During mixotrophic growth, the oxidation of both H₂ and CH₄ yields reducing equivalents in the form of reduced quiones (QH₂). A large proton-motive force is generated and sufficient ATP is produced for growth via an H⁺-translocating F₁F_o-ATP synthase. Some of the quinol generated through H₂ oxidation provides the electrons necessary for pMMO catalysis. Following CH₄ oxidation by pMMO, ensuing reactions catalysed by an XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenase (MeDH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) contribute additional reductant (cyt c and NADH) into the respiratory chain for ATP production and growth (Keltjens et al., 2014). NADH reduced through the actions of the formate dehydrogenase and H₂-dependent group 3b [NiFe]-hydrogenase is used to support CO₂ fixation through the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. Respiratory complexes I and II are not shown but are encoded in the genome of Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1 (Supplementary Table S1).