Item	Row	Method	Value	Source
Excess number of days a worker without PSL went to work while sick or injured per year	A		1.10	*
Share of ILI from the total days of absence (%)				46,47
Minimum	B		10
Average	C		12
Number of days a worker without PSL went to work while sick with ILI per year
Minimum	D	A × (B/100)	0.110
Average	E	A × (C/100)	0.132
Transmission rate of pandemic influenza from adult (age 19–64) to adult	F		0.00032	38
Adjusting the transmission rate based on the rate flu vaccination and effectiveness rates
Percentage of workers vaccinated for flu (2009–2012)	G		40.3	39
Effectiveness of flu vaccination (2008–2012) (%)	H		49.8	40
Adjusted transmission rate	I	(1-(G/100 × H/100)) × F	0.000256
Assumed number of close daily work contact
Minimum	J		3	41
Average	K		5	42
Number of workers infected with ILI by a worker without PSL went to work while sick
Minimum	L	D × I × J × 8 h × 60 min	0.0405
Average	M	E × I × K × 8 h × 60 min	0.081
Number of workers without PSL (thousand)	N		45,143	†
Number of days lost due to ILI per episode				42,45
Minimum	O		2
Average	P		3
Total number of days lost due to ILI transmitted by contagious workers without PSL went to work
Minimum (thousand)	Q	L × N × O	3,657
Average (thousand)	R	M × N × P	10,970
Average daily wage for workers without PSL in 2016 dollars (productivity)	S		$171	‡
Cost saving from reduced absenteeism related to ILI in 2016 dollars (billion)
Minimum	T	Q × S	$0.63
Average	U	R × S	$1.88

Note:

^*Computed from our model using predictive margins command of STATA^®14.

^†Computed from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS): panel 12–panel 18.

^‡Computed from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS): panel 12–panel 18. Each year, the average wage rate was adjusted to the 2016 dollars using the U.S. consumer price index available at: https://www.bls.gov/cpi/data.htm.