Figure 5.

Compound C rescues the effects of metformin on c-fos and c-myc expression in Ishikawa and HEC-1-A cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of c-fos and c-myc expression in Ishikawa and HEC-1-A cells following treatment with metformin (5 mM) for 24 h in the presence or absence of pre-treatment with compound C (5 µM) for 24 h. The c-fos and c-myc mRNA levels in each sample were calculated from a standard curve and normalized using GAPDH mRNA levels. Results represent the mean ± standard error of the mean of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. *P<0.05 compared with control. ^#P<0.05, 5+ Com group compared with the 5 mM metformin group. Con, control; 5, 5 mM metformin; 5+ Com, 5 mM metformin combined with pre-treatment with 5 µM compound C; c-fos, proto-oncogene c-fos; c-myc, myc proto-oncogene protein.