Table 5. Parameter Estimates from Model 3 Testing Associations between Both Parents' Alcohol Use, Parenting, Family SES, and Child Developmental Functioning.
| Model 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Amount of Developmental Delay | ||
|
| ||
| Association tested | Unstandardized estimate (SE) | p value |
| Prenatal alcohol and tobacco use regressed on | ||
| Maternal adolescent regular alcohol use | .46 (.17)* | <.01 |
| Maternal young adult alcohol use regressed on | ||
| Maternal adolescent regular alcohol use | .08 (.20) | .67 |
| Prenatal alcohol and tobacco use | .18 (.15) | .23 |
| Maternal parenting skills regressed on | ||
| Maternal adolescent regular alcohol use | -.18 (.18) | .27 |
| Prenatal alcohol and tobacco use | -.12 (.11) | .28 |
| Maternal young adult alcohol use | -.01 (.11) | .95 |
| Paternal young adult alcohol use | .16 (.12) | .18 |
| Low family SES | -.49 (.12)* | <.001 |
| Low Family SES regressed on | ||
| Maternal adolescent regular alcohol use | -.04 (.16) | .83 |
| Paternal adolescent regular alcohol use | .41 (.20)* | <.05 |
| Paternal young adult alcohol use regressed on | ||
| Paternal adolescent regular alcohol use | .73 (.23)* | <.01 |
| Paternal parenting skills regressed on | ||
| Paternal adolescent regular alcohol use | -.19 (.32) | .55 |
| Paternal young adult alcohol use | -.05 (.11) | .66 |
| Maternal young adult alcohol use | .11 (.11) | .30 |
| Low family SES | -.20 (.16) | .21 |
| Child developmental functioning regressed on | ||
| Maternal adolescent regular alcohol use | .37 (.34) | .27 |
| Paternal adolescent regular alcohol use | .41 (.41) | .31 |
| Prenatal alcohol and tobacco use | -.30 (.19) | 0.1 |
| Maternal young adult alcohol use | -.26 (.19) | 0.17 |
| Paternal young adult alcohol use | .42 (.17)* | <.05 |
| Low family SES | -.13 (.22) | 0.57 |
| Maternal parenting skills | -.53 (.23)* | <.05 |
| Paternal parenting skills | -.24 (.28) | 0.39 |
| Correlations specified in the model | ||
| Maternal with Paternal adolescent regular alcohol use | .04 (.02) | .07 |
| Prenatal alcohol and tobacco use with Low Family SES | .12 (.06)* | <.05 |
| Maternal young adult alcohol use with Low family SES | .11 (.06) | .08 |
| Paternal young adult alcohol use with Low family SES | .06 (.08) | .49 |
| Maternal with Paternal young adult alcohol use | .25 (.11)* | <.05 |
| Maternal with Paternal parenting skills | .23 (.07)* | <.01 |
Notes: SES = socioeconomic status; SE = standard error;
*
significant at p < .05.