Table 2.
Regression Analysis Assessing the Relationships Among Violence Exposure, Trauma Symptoms, and Early Substance Use (n =297)
| Alcohol | Tobacco/Illegal Drugs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | |||||
| B / OR | SE B/95% CI | B / OR | SE B/95% CI | B / OR | SE B/95% CI | B / OR | SE B/95% CI | |
| VE to SU | 1.33 | 84, 2.11 | 1.22 | .68, 2.19 | 2.73** | 1.44, 5.18 | 2.08* | 1.09, 3.97 |
| VE to Depression | 1.41 | 1.00 | 4.88** | 1.39 | 1.08 | .99 | 4.65** | 1.38 |
| VE to Anxiety | 2.45* | 1.11 | 5.05*** | 1.39 | 2.36* | 1.10 | 5.08*** | 1.37 |
| VE to Anger | 4.02*** | .99 | 6.24*** | 1.28 | 3.51*** | .92 | 5.87*** | 1.31 |
| Depression to SU | .98 | .94, 1.02 | 1.04* | 1.01, 1.08 | 1.02 | .96, 1.08 | 1.03 | .99, 1.08 |
| Anxiety to SU | .99 | .96, 1.03 | 1.04* | 1.01, 1.08 | 1.06* | 1.01, 1.11 | 1.03 | .99, 1.08 |
| Anger to SU | 1.01 | .97, 1.05 | 1.03 | .99, 1.07 | 1.04 | 97, 1.12 | 1.07** | 1.02, 1.12 |
Note. VE = Violence Exposure. SU = Substance Use. Parameter estimates for VE to SU without mediators in the model are displayed. Models predicting alcohol use control for parental monitoring, parental attachment, and adoptive/foster care status. Models predicting tobacco/illegal drug use control for home quality and parental monitoring. Unstandardized coefficients and SEs are presented for paths predicting trauma symptoms. ORs and 95% CIs are presented for paths predicting substance use.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001.